Infections and sepsis represent a growing global burden. There is a widespread clinical need for a rapid, high-throughput and sensitive technique for the diagnosis of infections and detection of invading pathogens and the presence of sepsis. Current diagnostic methods primarily consist of laboratory-based haematology, biochemistry and microbiology that are time consuming, labour- and resource-intensive, and prone to both false positive and false negative results. Current methods are insufficient for the increasing demands on healthcare systems, causing delays in diagnosis and initiation of treatment, due to the intrinsic time delay in sample preparation, measurement, and analysis. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques can overcome these limitations by providing a rapid, label-free and low-cost method for blood analysis, with limited sample preparation required, potentially revolutionising clinical diagnostics by producing actionable results that enable early diagnosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review will discuss the challenges associated with the diagnosis of infections and sepsis, primarily within the UK healthcare system. We will consider the clinical potential of spectroscopic point-of-care technologies to enable blood analysis in the primary-care setting.

中文翻译：

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血液的振动光谱分析对感染和败血症的诊断：快速诊断测试要求的回顾

感染和败血症代表着日益增加的全球负担。临床上广泛需要一种快速，高通量和灵敏的技术来诊断感染，检测病原体和败血症。当前的诊断方法主要包括基于实验室的血液学，生物化学和微生物学，这些方法耗时，劳动和资源密集，并且容易产生假阳性和假阴性结果。当前的方法不足以满足对医疗保健系统不断增长的需求，由于样品制备，测量和分析的固有时间延迟，导致诊断和治疗开始的延迟。振动光谱技术可以通过提供一种快速，无标签且低成本的血液分析方法来克服这些限制，只需要有限的样品制备，通过产生可及性的结果以实现早期诊断，从而可能改善临床诊断，从而改善患者预后。这篇综述将讨论与感染和败血症诊断有关的挑战，主要是在英国医疗体系中。我们将考虑光谱式即时医疗技术的临床潜力，以便在初级医疗机构中进行血液分析。