Owing to the localized line-by-line and layer-by-layer style of material deposition, 3D printing remains an ideal candidate for fabrication of components with tailored properties (also referred to as functionally gradient components). The present work tries to exploit this advantage, in the extrusion-based 3D printing process, to fabricate components with varying set of properties at different locations. The implementation is done using Hilbert area-filling curves with the displacement per unit force (i.e., compliance) applied being the property varying in a gradient manner. Four input parameters have been considered to study their effect on the compliance, and the single most influencing parameter has been selected using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for further study. Mapping of a selected input variable on the desired property has been discussed through numerical and experimental tests. Based on these studies, a demonstrative case study of a shoe sole has been designed and fabricated. Deflections of the fabricated component have been measured at different locations for uniform loading conditions. The deflection behavior of the fabricated component is found to be in line with the gradient force response required, thus validating the proposed approach. The current study is intended to provide the basic framework for fabrication of components tailored for force response using Hilbert curves.

中文翻译：

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通过离散域的希尔伯特曲线填充，3D 打印具有定制属性的组件

由于材料沉积的局部逐行和逐层样式，3D 打印仍然是制造具有定制特性的组件（也称为功能梯度组件）的理想选择。目前的工作试图利用这一优势，在基于挤压的 3D 打印过程中，在不同位置制造具有不同属性集的组件。该实施是使用希尔伯特面积填充曲线完成的，每单位力的位移（即顺应性）所应用的属性以梯度方式变化。考虑了四个输入参数来研究它们对依从性的影响，并使用方差分析 (ANOVA) 选择了影响最大的单个参数以供进一步研究。已通过数值和实验测试讨论了选定输入变量在所需属性上的映射。基于这些研究，设计并制作了鞋底的示范性案例研究。在均匀加载条件下，已在不同位置测量了制造部件的挠度。发现制造部件的偏转行为符合所需的梯度力响应，从而验证了所提出的方法。目前的研究旨在为使用希尔伯特曲线为力响应量身定制的组件制造提供基本框架。在均匀加载条件下，已在不同位置测量了制造部件的挠度。发现制造部件的偏转行为符合所需的梯度力响应，从而验证了所提出的方法。目前的研究旨在为使用希尔伯特曲线为力响应量身定制的组件制造提供基本框架。在均匀加载条件下，已在不同位置测量了制造部件的挠度。发现制造部件的偏转行为符合所需的梯度力响应，从而验证了所提出的方法。目前的研究旨在为使用希尔伯特曲线为力响应量身定制的组件制造提供基本框架。