Abstract The present study was aimed to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and assess their foliar applications to improve the growth of wheat plants under controlled irrigation and drought stress. Bud aqueous extract of Allium sativum L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of SeNPs followed by their optical and morphological characterization by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Various concentrations of SeNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied exogenously to drought-tolerant (V1) and drought-susceptible (V2) wheat varieties at the trifoliate stage. Under the positive control conditions, plants were irrigated with 450 mL of water/pot (100% field capacity); and under water-deficit environment, plants were irrigated with 160 mL of water/pot (35% field capacity). Remarkable increase in plant height, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and leaf length has been observed when 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was used. However, the plant morphological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (40 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was found most preferable to enhance the growth of selected wheat varieties under normal and water-deficient conditions.

中文翻译：

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叶面应用生物制造的硒纳米颗粒改善干旱胁迫下小麦植株的生长

摘要 本研究旨在生物合成硒纳米颗粒 (SeNPs) 并评估其叶面应用，以改善受控灌溉和干旱胁迫下小麦植物的生长。将 Allium sativum L. 的芽水提取物用作 SeNP 的还原剂和稳定剂，然后使用紫外-可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外和能量色散 X 射线分析对其进行光学和形态表征。将不同浓度的 SeNP（10、20、30 和 40 mg/L）外源施用于三叶期的耐旱 (V1) 和抗旱 (V2) 小麦品种。在阳性对照条件下，用 450 mL 水/盆（100% 田间容量）灌溉植物；在缺水环境下，用 160 mL 水/盆（35% 田间容量）灌溉植物。当使用 30 mg/L 浓度的 SeNP 时，观察到植物高度、枝条长度、枝条鲜重、枝条干重、根长、根鲜重、根干重、叶面积、叶数和叶长显着增加. 然而，在两个选定的小麦品种中，植物形态参数在较高浓度 (40 mg/L) 下逐渐下降。因此，在正常和缺水条件下，30 mg/L 浓度的 SeNPs 被认为最适合促进选定小麦品种的生长。当使用 30 mg/L 浓度的 SeNP 时，观察到叶长。然而，在两个选定的小麦品种中，植物形态参数在较高浓度 (40 mg/L) 下逐渐下降。因此，在正常和缺水条件下，30 mg/L 浓度的 SeNPs 被认为最适合促进选定小麦品种的生长。当使用 30 mg/L 浓度的 SeNP 时，观察到叶长。然而，在两个选定的小麦品种中，植物形态参数在较高浓度 (40 mg/L) 下逐渐下降。因此，在正常和缺水条件下，30 mg/L 浓度的 SeNPs 被认为最适合促进选定小麦品种的生长。