Groundwater is an important source for maintaining desert ecological processes in arid areas. With the increasing intensity of climate change and human activities, the rivers in Tarim Basin are severely dried-up. Aiming at the dried-up river, vegetation degradation and oasis maintenance in the middle and lower reaches of dried-up river basin, groundwater recharge and groundwater-surface water interaction have become hotspots, but are not well known. We examined spatial distributions and controlling factors of groundwater stable isotopes and recharge at oasis scale using data from 247 samples surveyed in the four headwaters in the northern Tarim Basin. Stable isotopes of surface water and groundwater were different from each other, and varied among sampling sites. Surface water and groundwater isotopes generally became enriched towards the east throughout the study area, while surface water isotopes showed enrichment towards the upstream direction within each catchment, mainly due to cultivated area expansion. Surface water mainly originated from precipitation, groundwater, and meltwater, while shallow groundwater derived from lateral groundwater flow, river and irrigated water infiltration, and little precipitation. The mainstream water was directly recharged by the headwaters. The results could provide a new insight into groundwater cycling in oases of dried-up river basins, which is helpful for regional groundwater management.

地下水是维持干旱地区沙漠生态过程的重要来源。随着气候变化和人类活动的加剧，塔里木盆地的河流严重干dried。针对枯竭的河流，枯竭河流域中下游的植被退化和绿洲维护，地下水补给和地下水-地表水相互作用已成为热点，但并不为人所知。我们使用塔里木盆地北部四个源头调查的247个样本的数据，研究了绿洲规模的地下水稳定同位素和补给的空间分布和控制因素。地表水和地下水的稳定同位素互不相同，并且在采样点之间也不同。在整个研究区域中，地表水和地下水同位素通常向东富集，而在每个集水区中地表水同位素则向上游方向富集，这主要是由于耕地面积的扩大。地表水主要来自降水，地下水和融水，而浅层地下水则来自侧向地下水流，河流和灌溉水的渗入，且降水很少。上游水直接补充了主流水。结果可以为干旱地区流域绿洲中的地下水循环提供新的见解，这有助于区域地下水管理。地表水主要来自降水，地下水和融水，而浅层地下水则来自侧向地下水流，河流和灌溉水的渗入，且降水很少。上游水直接补充了主流水。结果可以为干旱地区流域绿洲中的地下水循环提供新的见解，这有助于区域地下水管理。地表水主要来自降水，地下水和融水，而浅层地下水则来自侧向地下水流，河流和灌溉水的渗入，且降水很少。上游水直接补充了主流水。结果可以为干旱地区流域绿洲中的地下水循环提供新的见解，这有助于区域地下水管理。