Abstract Carbon aerogels (CAs) with controlled micro-nano pore features have been broadly explored as advanced materials for many important applications in industry. Although graphene and carbon nanotubes aerogels have shown excellent performances, their practical applications are severely limited by their high cost, complex preparation process and low production yield. As one class of carbon-rich natural resources, polysaccharides composed of C, H, O, have been considered as one more attractive precursors for the preparation of renewable, cost-effective and eco-friendly CAs due to their universal availability, renewability and low toxicity. As a class of carbon aerogels, polysaccharide-based carbon aerogels (PS-CAs) also possess high porosity, large surface area, excellent conductivity and good mechanical properties. Therefore, PS-CAs are potential carbon materials applied in environmental remediation and the energy fields. This review highlights the fabrication of PS-CAs, including carbon aerogels, activated carbon aerogels, heteroatom-doped carbon aerogels and carbon aerogels composites, and their potential applications for environmental remediation and sustainable energy (conversion and storage). Following this, key challenges and future perspectives for polysaccharide-based carbon aerogel materials are also briefly discussed. This critical review expects to significantly promote the creation of a sustainable future by utilizing renewable and sustainable natural resources.

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用于环境修复和可持续能源的多糖基碳气凝胶的最新进展

摘要 具有可控微纳米孔特征的碳气凝胶（CA）作为先进材料在工业中的许多重要应用中得到了广泛的探索。石墨烯和碳纳米管气凝胶虽然表现出优异的性能，但其成本高、制备工艺复杂、产率低等问题严重限制了其实际应用。作为一类富含碳的自然资源，由 C、H、O 组成的多糖被认为是一种更具吸引力的前体，用于制备可再生、具有成本效益和生态友好的 CAs，因为它们具有普遍可用性、可再生性和低毒性。作为一类碳气凝胶，多糖基碳气凝胶（PS-CAs）还具有高孔隙率、大表面积、优异的导电性和良好的机械性能。所以，PS-CAs是潜在的应用于环境修复和能源领域的碳材料。本综述重点介绍了 PS-CA 的制备，包括碳气凝胶、活性炭气凝胶、杂原子掺杂碳气凝胶和碳气凝胶复合材料，及其在环境修复和可持续能源（转换和存储）方面的潜在应用。在此之后，还简要讨论了多糖基碳气凝胶材料的关键挑战和未来前景。这项批判性审查预计将通过利用可再生和可持续的自然资源显着促进创造可持续的未来。杂原子掺杂的碳气凝胶和碳气凝胶复合材料，及其在环境修复和可持续能源（转化和储存）方面的潜在应用。在此之后，还简要讨论了多糖基碳气凝胶材料的关键挑战和未来前景。这项批判性审查预计将通过利用可再生和可持续的自然资源显着促进创造可持续的未来。杂原子掺杂的碳气凝胶和碳气凝胶复合材料，及其在环境修复和可持续能源（转化和储存）方面的潜在应用。在此之后，还简要讨论了多糖基碳气凝胶材料的关键挑战和未来前景。这项批判性审查预计将通过利用可再生和可持续的自然资源显着促进创造可持续的未来。