The potential application of human embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine using cell, tissue or organ transplantation has aroused great interest. However, HLA incompatibility between donor cells or tissues and the recipient is a primary obstacle to the use of unmatched human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives as donor ‘grafts’ for patient treatment without some form of immunosuppressive therapy. This is because, for most tissues, which express HLA Class I antigens, the recipient patient’s immune system will recognize the difference between their and the donor’s HLA types, leading to graft rejection in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy. One approach to overcoming this obstacle and enabling the use of a single or limited range of suitably selected human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives without needing extensive HLA matching is to use gene-editing technology to establish a universally or widely HLA compatible human embryonic stem cell line, thereby providing a potentially unlimited source of cells for future cell, tissue or organ transplantation. This article reviews current strategies and methods for establishing such universal or near universally HLA compatible human embryonic stem cell lines.

人类胚胎干细胞在利用细胞、组织或器官移植的再生医学中的潜在应用引起了人们极大的兴趣。然而，供体细胞或组织与受体之间的 HLA 不相容性是使用不匹配的人类胚胎干细胞及其衍生物作为供体“移植物”进行患者治疗而无需某种形式的免疫抑制治疗的主要障碍。这是因为，对于大多数表达 HLA I 类抗原的组织，受者患者的免疫系统会识别他们与供者的 HLA 类型之间的差异，从而在没有免疫抑制治疗的情况下导致移植排斥。One approach to overcoming this obstacle and enabling the use of a single or limited range of suitably selected human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives without needing extensive HLA matching is to use gene-editing technology to establish a universally or widely HLA compatible human embryonic stem cell线，从而为未来的细胞、组织或器官移植提供潜在的无限细胞来源。本文回顾了目前建立这种通用或几乎通用的 HLA 兼容人类胚胎干细胞系的策略和方法。