Abstract Rare metal mineralization is commonly associated with highly differentiated granitic systems, which evolve into pegmatite or hydrothermal veins. The newly-discovered large Tiantangshan Rb-Sn-W deposit provides an excellent opportunity to study Rb enrichment, as the Rb resources are mainly hosted in the hydrothermal micas (dominantly veins), rather than the K-feldspar or magmatic micas in the parent alkali feldspar granite and volcanic rocks, as is typical of other Rb-rich systems. Micas at Tiantangshan are found in the alkali feldspar granites, trachyandesites, layers with unidirectional solidification textures (USTs) and hydrothermal veins. The mica Rb2O concentrations in the alkali feldspar granites range from 0.19 to 0.81 wt% (mean 0.44 wt%), in the trachyandesites from 0.47 to 1.13 wt% (mean 0.65 wt%), in the USTs from 0.41 to 1.26 wt% (mean 0.81 wt%), and in the hydrothermal veins from 0.39 to 1.28 wt% (mean 1.02 wt%), and show a positive correlation with F and Li contents. The mica and K-feldspar in the alkali feldspar granites have low K/Rb values (13–29 and 25–103, respectively), indicating the highly evolved nature of the alkali feldspar granite. K/Rb and K/Cs values decrease gradually in the mica from the alkali feldspar granites to the USTs and then to the hydrothermal veins, whereas Li, F and Rb increase. Based on the textures and geochemistry of the micas, they are cogenetic with the alkali feldspar granites and represent the magmatic stage, whereas the USTs formed during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition stage and the hydrothermal veins correspond to the hydrothermal stage. The Tiantangshan micas record mineralogical and geochemical evidence of efficient Rb mineralization during magmatic-hydrothermal evolution in the alkali feldspar granitic system.

中文翻译：

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高度演化花岗岩系统岩浆-热液转变过程中Rb的有效富集：来自天塘山Rb-Sn-W矿床云母化学的启示

摘要 稀有金属矿化通常与高度分化的花岗岩系统有关，后者演化为伟晶岩或热液脉。新发现的天塘山Rb-Sn-W大型矿床为研究Rb富集提供了极好的机会，因为Rb资源主要集中在热液云母中（以脉为主），而不是母碱中的钾长石或岩浆云母长石花岗岩和火山岩，这是其他富含 Rb 系统的典型特征。天塘山云母见于碱性长石花岗岩、粗安岩、单向凝固结构（USTs）层和热液脉。碱性长石花岗岩中的云母 Rb2O 浓度范围为 0.19 至 0.81 重量％（平均 0.44 重量％），粗面岩中为 0.47 至 1.13 重量％（平均 0.65 重量％），USTs 中为 0.41 至 1。26 wt%（平均 0.81 wt%），在热液脉中为 0.39 至 1.28 wt%（平均 1.02 wt%），并与 F 和 Li 含量呈正相关。碱性长石花岗岩中的云母和钾长石具有较低的 K/Rb 值（分别为 13-29 和 25-103），表明碱性长石花岗岩具有高度演化的性质。云母中的 K/Rb 和 K/Cs 值从碱性长石花岗岩到 USTs 再到热液脉逐渐降低，而 Li、F 和 Rb 值增加。根据云母的结构和地球化学，它们与碱性长石花岗岩共生，代表岩浆阶段，而形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段的USTs和热液脉对应于热液阶段。