Lyme disease (LD) is an emerging zoonotic infection that is increasing in incidence in North America, Europe, and Asia. With the development of safe and efficacious vaccines, LD can potentially be prevented. Vaccination offers a cost-effective and safe approach for decreasing the risk of infection. While LD vaccines have been widely used in veterinary medicine, they are not available as a preventive tool for humans. Central to the development of effective vaccines is an understanding of the enzootic cycle of LD, differential gene expression of Borrelia burgdorferi in response to environmental variables, and the genetic and antigenic diversity of the unique bacteria that cause this debilitating disease. Here we review these areas as they pertain to past and present efforts to develop human, veterinary, and reservoir targeting LD vaccines. In addition, we offer a brief overview of additional preventative measures that should employed in conjunction with vaccination.

中文翻译：

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莱姆病的人类和兽医疫苗。

莱姆病 (LD) 是一种新兴的人畜共患病，在北美、欧洲和亚洲的发病率正在上升。随着安全有效疫苗的开发，LD 有可能被预防。疫苗接种为降低感染风险提供了一种经济有效且安全的方法。虽然 LD 疫苗已广泛用于兽医学，但它们不能用作人类的预防工具。开发有效疫苗的核心是了解 LD 的地方性循环、伯氏疏螺旋体的差异基因表达为了应对环境变量，以及导致这种使人衰弱的疾病的独特细菌的遗传和抗原多样性。在这里，我们回顾了这些领域，因为它们与过去和现在为开发针对 LD 疫苗的人类、兽医和水库所做的努力有关。此外，我们还简要概述了应与疫苗接种结合使用的其他预防措施。