The mammalian host responds to infection with Borrelia spirochetes through a highly orchestrated immune defense involving innate and adaptive effector functions aimed toward limiting pathogen burdens, minimizing tissue injury, and preventing subsequent reinfection. The evolutionary adaptation of Borrelia spirochetes to their reservoir mammalian hosts may allow for its persistence despite this immune defense. This review summarizes our current understanding of the host immune response to B. burgdorferi sensu lato, the most widely studied Borrelia spp. and etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis. Pertinent literature will be reviewed with emphasis on in vitro, ex vivo and animal studies that influenced our understanding of both the earliest responses to B. burgdorferi as it enters the mammalian host and those that evolve as spirochetes disseminate and establish infection in multiple tissues. Our focus is on the immune response of inbred mice, the most commonly studied animal model of B. burgdorferi infection and surrogate for one of this pathogen's principle natural reservoir hosts, the white-footed deer mouse. Comparison will be made to the immune responses of humans with Lyme borreliosis. Our goal is to provide an understanding of the dynamics of the mammalian immune response during infection with B. burgdorferi and its relation to the outcomes in reservoir (mouse) and non-reservoir (human) hosts.

中文翻译：

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对疏螺旋体的免疫反应：莱姆病螺旋体的教训。


哺乳动物宿主通过高度精心策划的免疫防御来应对伯氏疏螺旋体感染，该免疫防御涉及先天性和适应性效应器功能，旨在限制病原体负荷、最大限度地减少组织损伤并防止随后的再感染。尽管有这种免疫防御，疏螺旋体螺旋体对其储存哺乳动物宿主的进化适应可能允许其持续存在。这篇综述总结了我们目前对伯氏疏螺旋体（研究最广泛的伯氏疏螺旋体）宿主免疫反应的理解。和莱姆疏螺旋体病的病原体。我们将回顾相关文献，重点关注体外、离体和动物研究，这些研究影响了我们对伯氏疏螺旋体进入哺乳动物宿主时的最早反应以及随着螺旋体传播并在多个组织中建立感染而进化的反应的理解。我们的重点是近交小鼠的免疫反应，这是最常研究的伯氏疏螺旋体感染的动物模型，也是该病原体的主要天然储存宿主之一白足鹿小鼠的替代品。将与患有莱姆疏螺旋体病的人类的免疫反应进行比较。我们的目标是了解哺乳动物在感染伯氏疏螺旋体期间免疫反应的动态及其与宿主（小鼠）和非宿主（人类）宿主结果的关系。