The ongoing African swine fever virus (ASFv) epidemic has had a major impact on pig production globally and biosecurity efforts to curb ASFv infectivity and transmission are a high priority. It has been recently identified that feed and feed ingredients, along with drinking water, can serve as transmission vehicles and might facilitate transboundary spread of ASFv. Thus, it is important to test the antiviral activity of regulatory compatible, antiviral feed additives that might inhibit ASFv infectivity in feed. One promising group of feed additive candidates includes medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and monoglyceride derivatives, which are known to disrupt the lipid membrane surrounding certain enveloped viruses and bacteria. The antiviral activities of selected MCFA, namely caprylic, capric, and lauric acids, and a related monoglyceride, glycerol monolaurate (GML), to inhibit ASFv in liquid and feed conditions were investigated and suitable compounds and inclusion rates were identified that might be useful for mitigating ASFv in feed environments. Antiviral assays showed that all tested MCFA and GML inhibit ASFv. GML was more potent than MCFA because it worked at a lower concentration and inhibited ASFv due to direct virucidal activity along with one or more other antiviral mechanisms. Dose-dependent feed experiments further showed that sufficiently high GML doses can significantly reduce ASFv infectivity in feed in a linear manner in periods as short as 30 min, as determined by infectious viral titer measurements. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments revealed that GML treatment also hinders antibody recognition of the membrane-associated ASFv p72 structural protein, which likely relates to protein conformational changes arising from viral membrane disruption. Together, the findings in this study indicate that MCFA and GML inhibit ASFv in liquid conditions and that GML is also able to reduce ASFv infectivity in feed, which may help to curb disease transmission.

中文翻译：

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中链脂肪酸和单月桂酸甘油酯对液体和饲料中非洲猪瘟病毒的抑制作用


持续的非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFv）疫情对全球生猪生产产生了重大影响，遏制非洲猪瘟病毒感染和传播的生物安全工作是当务之急。最近发现，饲料和饲料成分以及饮用水可以作为传播媒介，并可能促进非洲猪瘟病毒的跨境传播。因此，测试可能抑制饲料中 ASFv 感染性的监管相容性抗病毒饲料添加剂的抗病毒活性非常重要。一组有前途的候选饲料添加剂包括中链脂肪酸（MCFA）和单酸甘油酯衍生物，它们已知会破坏某些有包膜病毒和细菌周围的脂质膜。研究了选定的 MCFA（即辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸）以及相关的单甘油酯、单月桂酸甘油酯 (GML) 在液体和饲料条件下抑制 ASFv 的抗病毒活性，并确定了可能有助于减轻饲料环境中的非洲猪瘟病毒。抗病毒检测显示所有测试的 MCFA 和 GML 都能抑制 ASFv。 GML 比 MCFA 更有效，因为它在较低浓度下起作用，并且由于直接杀病毒活性以及一种或多种其他抗病毒机制而抑制 ASFv。剂量依赖性饲料实验进一步表明，根据传染性病毒滴度测量结果，足够高的 GML 剂量可以在短至 30 分钟的时间内以线性方式显着降低饲料中的 ASFv 感染性。 酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 实验表明，GML 处理还会阻碍抗体识别膜相关的 ASFv p72 结构蛋白，这可能与病毒膜破坏引起的蛋白质构象变化有关。总之，本研究的结果表明，MCFA 和 GML 在液体条件下抑制 ASFv，并且 GML 还能够降低饲料中的 ASFv 传染性，这可能有助于遏制疾病传播。