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Energy Regenerative Damping in Variable Impedance Actuators for Long-Term Robotic Deployment
IEEE Transactions on Robotics ( IF 7.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1109/tro.2020.2998641
Fan Wu , Matthew Howard

Energy efficiency is a crucial issue towards long-term deployment of compliant robots in the real world. In the context of variable impedance actuators (VIAs), one of the main focuses has been on improving energy efficiency through reduction of energy consumption. However, the harvesting of dissipated energy in such systems remains under-explored. This study proposes a variable damping module design enabling energy regeneration in VIAs by exploiting the regenerative braking effect of dc motors. The proposed damping module uses four switches to combine regenerative and dynamic braking, in a hybrid approach that enables energy regeneration without a reduction in the range of damping achievable. A physical implementation on a simple VIA mechanism is presented in which the regenerative properties of the proposed module are characterized and compared against theoretical predictions. To investigate the role of variable regenerative damping in terms of energy efficiency of long-term operation, experiments are reported in which the VIA, equipped with the proposed damping module, performs sequential reaching to a series of stochastic targets. The results indicate that the combination of variable stiffness and variable regenerative damping results in a $\text{25}\%$ performance improvement on metrics incorporating reaching accuracy, settling time, energy consumption and regeneration over comparable schemes, where either stiffness or damping are fixed.

中文翻译:

用于长期机器人部署的可变阻抗执行器中的能量再生阻尼

能源效率是在现实世界中长期部署合规机器人的关键问题。在可变阻抗执行器 (VIA) 的背景下,主要关注点之一是通过减少能源消耗来提高能源效率。然而,在此类系统中收集耗散能量仍未得到充分探索。本研究提出了一种可变阻尼模块设计,通过利用直流电机的再生制动效果,在 VIA 中实现能量再生。提议的阻尼模块使用四个开关将再生制动和动态制动相结合,采用混合方法,可以在不减少可实现的阻尼范围的情况下实现能量再生。提出了一个简单的 VIA 机制的物理实现,其中对所提出模块的再生特性进行了表征,并与理论预测进行了比较。为了研究可变再生阻尼在长期运行的能量效率方面的作用,报告了实验,其中配备了所提出的阻尼模块的 VIA 执行顺序到达一系列随机目标。结果表明,与可比方案相比,可变刚度和可变再生阻尼的组合在包含达到精度、稳定时间、能耗和再生的指标上产生了 $\text{25}\%$ 性能改进,其中刚度或阻尼为固定的。为了研究可变再生阻尼在长期运行的能量效率方面的作用,报告了实验,其中配备了所提出的阻尼模块的 VIA 执行顺序到达一系列随机目标。结果表明,与可比方案相比,可变刚度和可变再生阻尼的组合在包含达到精度、稳定时间、能耗和再生的指标上产生了 $\text{25}\%$ 性能改进,其中刚度或阻尼为固定的。为了研究可变再生阻尼在长期运行的能量效率方面的作用,报告了实验,其中配备了所提出的阻尼模块的 VIA 执行顺序到达一系列随机目标。结果表明,与可比方案相比,可变刚度和可变再生阻尼的组合在包含达到精度、稳定时间、能耗和再生的指标上产生了 $\text{25}\%$ 性能改进,其中刚度或阻尼为固定的。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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