Accurate fault location reduces operating cost and outage time. This paper proposes a time-domain method to accurately locate faults in transmission lines, which only requires a very short data window (several milli-seconds) during faults. First, the voltage distribution through the line during faults is accurately obtained by solving the matrix form partial differential equations using the proposed numerical scheme. The proposed numerical scheme is mathematically validated for the transmission line fault location problem, with the optimal selection of time and distance intervals to ensure stability and minimum solution error. Afterwards, the fault location is obtained via the extremum value of the voltage distribution. The method fully considers distributed parameters as well as asymmetry of the line. Extensive numerical experiments validated that (a) the proposed numerical scheme demonstrates advantages towards other numerical schemes; (b) the proposed method presents higher fault location accuracy compared to the existing method, independent of fault types, locations and impedances; and (c) the fault location accuracy is not sensitive towards fault inception angles, loading conditions, measurement errors and parameter errors. The proposed method works with relatively low sampling rates (80 samples per cycle) and is compatible with IEC 61850 standard in present digital substations.

中文翻译：

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充分考虑分布参数和线路不对称性的时域输电线路故障定位方法

准确的故障定位可降低运营成本和停机时间。本文提出了一种时域方法来准确定位输电线路中的故障，该方法在故障期间只需要非常短的数据窗口（几毫秒）。首先，通过使用所提出的数值方案求解矩阵形式的偏微分方程，可以准确地获得故障期间通过线路的电压分布。所提出的数值方案针对输电线路故障定位问题进行了数学验证，优化选择时间和距离间隔以确保稳定性和最小求解误差。然后，通过电压分布的极值获得故障位置。该方法充分考虑了分布参数以及线路的不对称性。大量的数值实验验证了 (a) 所提出的数值方案相对于其他数值方案具有优势；(b) 与现有方法相比，所提出的方法具有更高的故障定位精度，与故障类型、位置和阻抗无关；(c) 故障定位精度对故障起始角度、负载条件、测量误差和参数误差不敏感。所提出的方法以相对较低的采样率（每个周期 80 个样本）工作，并且与当前数字变电站中的 IEC 61850 标准兼容。(c) 故障定位精度对故障起始角度、负载条件、测量误差和参数误差不敏感。所提出的方法以相对较低的采样率（每个周期 80 个样本）工作，并且与当前数字变电站中的 IEC 61850 标准兼容。(c) 故障定位精度对故障起始角度、负载条件、测量误差和参数误差不敏感。所提出的方法以相对较低的采样率（每个周期 80 个样本）工作，并且与当前数字变电站中的 IEC 61850 标准兼容。