For over many decades, relational database model has been considered as the leading model for data storage and management. However, as the Big Data explosion has generated a large volume of data, alternative models like NoSQL and NewSQL have emerged. With the advancement of communication technology, these database systems have given the potential to change the existing architecture from centralized mechanism to distributed in nature, to deploy as cloud-based solutions. Though all of these evolving technologies mostly focus on performance guarantees, it is still being a major concern how these systems can ensure the security and privacy of the information they handle. Different datastores support different types of integrated security mechanisms, however, most of the non-relational database systems have overlooked the security requirements of modern Big Data applications. This paper reviews security implementations in today's leading database models giving more emphasis on security and privacy attributes. A set of standard security mechanisms have been identified and evaluated based on different security classifications. Further, it provides a thorough review and a comprehensive analysis on maturity of security and privacy implementations in these database models along with future directions/enhancements so that data owners can decide on most appropriate datastore for their data-driven Big Data applications.

中文翻译：

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大数据时代数据库系统的安全和隐私影响：调查

几十年来，关系数据库模型一直被认为是数据存储和管理的领先模型。然而，随着大数据爆炸产生了大量数据，NoSQL 和 NewSQL 等替代模型出现了。随着通信技术的进步，这些数据库系统有可能将现有架构从集中式机制转变为分布式，部署为基于云的解决方案。尽管所有这些不断发展的技术主要集中在性能保证上，但这些系统如何确保所处理信息的安全性和隐私性仍然是一个主要问题。不同的数据存储支持不同类型的集成安全机制，但是，大多数非关系型数据库系统都忽略了现代大数据应用程序的安全要求。本文回顾了当今领先的数据库模型中的安全实现，更加强调安全和隐私属性。已经根据不同的安全分类确定并评估了一组标准的安全机制。此外，它还对这些数据库模型中安全和隐私实施的成熟度以及未来的方向/增强进行了全面审查和全面分析，以便数据所有者可以为其数据驱动的大数据应用程序决定最合适的数据存储。已经根据不同的安全分类确定并评估了一组标准的安全机制。此外，它还对这些数据库模型中安全和隐私实施的成熟度以及未来的方向/增强进行了彻底审查和全面分析，以便数据所有者可以为其数据驱动的大数据应用程序决定最合适的数据存储。已经根据不同的安全分类确定并评估了一组标准的安全机制。此外，它还对这些数据库模型中安全和隐私实施的成熟度以及未来的方向/增强进行了全面审查和全面分析，以便数据所有者可以为其数据驱动的大数据应用程序决定最合适的数据存储。