Mobile or nomadic diversity antennas feature a variety of element types and layouts, mostly PCB-based, reflecting complex design trade-offs between their performance and the required compactness. The design stage is electromagnetic-based but must include several signal-based diversity metrics, and there is a shortfall of information about their assumptions and the impact of their violation. The evaluation stage normally includes simulation, with physical measurements being the bottom line. Pattern measurement is particularly challenging, but accurately measured patterns are critical parameters, enabling the calculation of mean gains and correlations, and the impact of different propagation scenarios. For developers, the complex set of processes for design and evaluation make it difficult to have confidence with their in-house procedures without access to independent results for a variety of antenna types. For the design stage, we review and clarify the diversity metrics, and for evaluation, a set of typical and new diversity designs implemented on printed circuit board (PCB) are also presented. The methods cover lossy antennas and the expected performance in a directional propagation scenario. This information helps designers and developers to better understand the design process and to check their evaluation procedures.

中文翻译：

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PCB IoT终端的实用多样性设计

移动或游牧分集天线具有多种元素类型和布局，主要是基于PCB的，反映了其性能与所需紧凑性之间的复杂设计折衷。设计阶段是基于电磁的，但必须包括多个基于信号的分集度量，并且关于其假设及其违反的影响的信息不足。评估阶段通常包括仿真，以物理测量为底线。模式测量尤其具有挑战性，但是精确测量的模式是关键参数，可以计算平均增益和相关性以及不同传播场景的影响。对于开发人员，复杂的设计和评估过程集使他们无法对自己的内部流程充满信心，而无法获得各种天线类型的独立结果。在设计阶段，我们审查并阐明了多样性指标，为了进行评估，还介绍了在印刷电路板（PCB）上实施的一组典型和新的多样性设计。该方法涵盖有损天线和定向传播情况下的预期性能。此信息可帮助设计人员和开发人员更好地了解设计过程并检查其评估程序。还介绍了在印刷电路板（PCB）上实现的一组典型的和新的分集设计。该方法涵盖有损天线和定向传播情况下的预期性能。此信息可帮助设计人员和开发人员更好地了解设计过程并检查其评估程序。还介绍了在印刷电路板（PCB）上实现的一组典型的和新的分集设计。该方法涵盖有损天线和定向传播情况下的预期性能。此信息可帮助设计人员和开发人员更好地了解设计过程并检查其评估程序。