To further reduce the vertical stiffness of the air spring, appropriately reduce its lateral stiffness to attenuate the transmission of vibration along the lateral and longitudinal directions, a compound structure air spring (CSAS) was designed. It is a laminated structure with a hard elastic layer at the lower end of the original air spring. Prototypes of the air spring and the CSAS were produced, then related static and dynamic characteristics tests were conducted. Compared with the test results of the air spring, it can be found that under the same air pressure, the bearing capacity of the CSAS is decreased slightly; under rated load, the vertical static/dynamic stiffness and natural frequency is decreased slightly, and the lateral static/dynamic stiffness is decrease significantly. Furthermore, the CSAS was subjected to the safety and reliability tests, and its performance was stable without damage. This article expands the stiffness range of the air spring, and provides a new idea for the design of the air spring with low lateral to vertical stiffness ratio and low natural frequency.

为了进一步降低空气弹簧的垂直刚度，适当降低其横向刚度以减弱沿横向和纵向的振动传递，设计了一种复合结构的空气弹簧（CSAS）。它是一种层压结构，在原始空气弹簧的下端具有硬质弹性层。制作了空气弹簧和CSAS的原型，然后进行了相关的静态和动态特性测试。与空气弹簧的测试结果相比，可以发现在相同的空气压力下，CSAS的承载能力略有下降。在额定载荷下，垂直静/动态刚度和固有频率略有降低，而横向静/动态刚度则明显降低。此外，CSAS经过安全性和可靠性测试，其性能稳定且无损坏。本文扩展了空气弹簧的刚度范围，并为横向和垂直刚度比低，固有频率低的空气弹簧设计提供了新思路。