Early life stress (ELS) is one of the most critical factors that could modify brain plasticity, memory and learning abilities, behavioral reactions, and emotional response in adulthood leading to development of different mental disorders. Prenatal and early postnatal periods appear to be the most sensitive periods of brain development in mammals, thereby action of various factors at these stages of brain development might result in neurodegeneration, memory impairment, and mood disorders at later periods of life. Deciphering the processes underlying aberrant neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cerebral angiogenesis as well as deeper understanding the effects of ELS on brain development will provide novel approaches to prevent or to cure psychiatric and neurological deficits caused by stressful conditions at the earliest stages of ontogenesis. Neuropeptide oxytocin serves as an amnesic, anti-stress, pro-angiogenic, and neurogenesis-controlling molecule contributing to dramatic changes in brain plasticity in ELS. In the current review, we summarize recent data on molecular mechanisms of ELS-driven changes in brain plasticity with the particular focus on oxytocin-mediated effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, memory establishment, and forgetting.

中文翻译：

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早期生活压力和大脑可塑性：从分子改变到异常记忆和行为

早期生活压力 (ELS) 是最关键的因素之一，可以改变成年期的大脑可塑性、记忆力和学习能力、行为反应和情绪反应，导致各种精神障碍的发展。产前和产后早期似乎是哺乳动物大脑发育最敏感的时期，因此在这些大脑发育阶段的各种因素的作用可能会导致生命后期的神经退化、记忆障碍和情绪障碍。破译异常神经发生、突触发生和脑血管生成的潜在过程，以及更深入地了解 ELS 对大脑发育的影响，将为预防或治疗由个体发育早期压力条件引起的精神和神经缺陷提供新方法。神经肽催产素作为一种健忘症、抗压力、促血管生成和神经发生控制分子，有助于 ELS 大脑可塑性的显着变化。在当前的审查中，我们总结了有关 ELS 驱动的大脑可塑性变化的分子机制的最新数据，特别关注催产素介导的对神经发生和血管生成、记忆建立和遗忘的影响。