Peer-reviewed papers remain a source of high-quality reliable scientific information, especially valuable in the modern world. To help those who are starting to participate in peer-review, I discuss a number of questions related to this process. When should you say yes to an invitation to review? How do you write a report that is appreciated by the editors? How do you provide feedback to the authors that is fair, constructive, and helpful? What are the specific points that should be considered when analyzing the abstract, introduction, results, discussion, conclusion, and Supporting Information? How do you structure your report? How do you make the final recommendation? What ethical and diversity issues are involved?

中文翻译：

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如何审阅论文

经同行评审的论文仍然是高质量可靠的科学信息的来源，在现代世界中尤其有价值。为了帮助那些开始参加同行评审的人，我讨论了与此过程相关的许多问题。您什么时候应该对邀请发出同意？您如何撰写受到编辑赞赏的报告？您如何向作者提供公正，建设性和有用的反馈？分析摘要，引言，结果，讨论，结论和支持信息时应考虑哪些具体点？您如何组织报告？您如何提出最终建议？涉及哪些道德和多样性问题？