ABSTRACT

Identification of flood hazards allows planning the cities layout or flood protection infrastructure appropriately. Flood maps showing flow depths and velocities are not enough to assess hazards to people, because such hazards depend on factors producing equilibrium loss in pedestrians crossing flooded streets. An experimental facility was used considering typical street geometry in Mexico. Volunteers with the typical physical characteristics of Mexicans were subject to different combinations of flow depth and velocity. A hazard nomogram is developed through extensive experimental work, representing three levels to characterize hazard criteria for persons during urban floods. Previous works associated with the construction of nomograms had not been validated through extensive experimental work. Hazard maps identifying zones classified in relation to hazard levels are based on nomograms. These maps allow for guiding public policies related to extreme meteorological events. The resulting nomogram is applied to define hazard maps in the city of Acapulco.

摘要

识别洪水灾害可适当规划城市布局或防洪基础设施。洪水图显示的流量深度和速度不足以评估对人的危害，因为此类危害取决于在穿过被淹街道的行人中造成平衡损失的因素。考虑到墨西哥典型的街道几何形状，使用了一个实验设施。具有墨西哥人典型身体特征的志愿者会受到血流深度和速度的不同组合。通过广泛的实验工作开发了危险诺模图，代表了三个级别来表征城市洪水期间人员的危险标准。与列线图的构建相关的先前工作尚未通过广泛的实验工作得到验证。识别根据危险程度分类的区域的危险图是基于列线图的。这些地图可以指导与极端气象事件有关的公共政策。所得的列线图将用于定义阿卡普尔科市的灾害图。