Abstract

The present study addresses the herbicidal activity and biological effects of the metribuzin (MET) and tribenuron-methyl (TBM) herbicides used to control various weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus, Sinapis arvensis, and Leucanthemum maximum). The effects of the free herbicides and the herbicides embedded in granules of degradable polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] blended with birch wood flour were compared. Metribuzin, regardless of the form, caused 100% mortality of the three weeds by day 21. The herbicidal activity of tribenuron-methyl was lower than that of metribuzin, but the embedded TBM was superior to the free herbicide in the length and strength of its action on the weeds. Both metribuzin forms dramatically decreased the main parameters of fluorescence: maximum quantum yield of photosystem-II [Y(II)_max], maximum quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching [Y(NPQ)_max], and maximum rate of non-cyclic electron transport [ETR_max] and concentrations of chlorophyll a and b. The effect of the embedded TBM on the photosynthetic activity of the weeds was lower in the first two weeks of the growth of herbicide-treated plants but lasted longer than the effect of the free TBM and increased over time. Embedding of metribuzin in the matrix of degradable blend did not decrease its herbicidal activity.

摘要

本研究解决了用于控制各种杂草物种（A菜，Sina菜和西洋菊）的Metribuzin（MET）和tribenuron-methyl（TBM）除草剂的除草活性和生物学效应。）。比较了游离除草剂和包埋在可降解聚合物聚3-羟基丁酸酯[P（3HB）]与桦木粉混合的颗粒中的除草剂的作用。不论哪种形式，Metribuzin都会在第21天导致三种杂草的100％死亡。甲基苯磺隆的除草活性低于Metribuzin，但包埋的TBM的长度和强度均优于游离的除草剂。对杂草采取行动。两种甲霉灵形式均显着降低了荧光的主要参数：光系统II的最大量子产率[Y（II）_max ]，非光化学猝灭的最大量子产率[Y（NPQ）_max ]和非循环电子的最大速率转运[_最大ETR ]和叶绿素a的浓度和b。在除草剂处理过的植物生长的前两周，埋藏的TBM对杂草光合活性的影响较低，但持续时间长于游离TBM的影响，并随时间增加。在可降解共混物的基质中嵌入二甲双胍并没有降低其除草活性。