Electrically conductive cementitious composite (ECCC) can be utilized in traffic detection, structural health monitoring (SHM), and pavement deicing. Graphite is a popular conductive filler given its outstanding electrical resistance behavior, but its flat micro-surface decreases the friction resistance, reducing mechanical strength. However, slag solids can substitute part of the graphite with their considerable conductivity and superior mechanical characteristics. In this research, 27 ECCC composites are developed incorporated by combined graphite powder (GP), blast furnace slag (GGBS), and steel slag (SS). Flexural, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) experiments, and resistance experiments with failure mode evaluations are carried out to explore the influence of proposed conductive fillers with different fractions. Results show the graphite strongly improves conductivity but dramatically reduces mechanical performance. Both steel slag and GGBS reduced the compressive and flexural strength after their replacement ratio exceeded 20%. Additionally, compared with GGBS, SS demonstrated a better influence on mechanical and conductive performance. A 15 wt% ratio of GGBS, 20 wt% of SS, and 4 wt% of GP are explored as the optimum design with 3.4 MPa of flexural strength, 36 MPa of compressive strength, and 7,779 Ω cm of resistance. Lastly, a microstructural investigation is conducted to explore the mechanical and conductive mechanism of ECCC.

中文翻译：

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使用石墨、钢渣和GGBS的导电水泥复合材料的机械和导电性能

导电水泥复合材料 (ECCC) 可用于交通检测、结构健康监测 (SHM) 和路面除冰。石墨因其出色的电阻性能而成为一种流行的导电填料，但其平坦的微表面会降低摩擦阻力，从而降低机械强度。然而，炉渣固体可以用它们相当大的导电性和优越的机械特性替代部分石墨。在这项研究中，27 种 ECCC 复合材料由石墨粉 (GP)、高炉渣 (GGBS) 和钢渣 (SS) 结合而成。进行了弯曲、无侧限抗压强度 (UCS) 实验和带有失效模式评估的电阻实验，以探索不同分数的导电填料的影响。结果表明，石墨极大地提高了导电性，但显着降低了机械性能。钢渣和GGBS均在置换率超过20%后降低了抗压强度和抗弯强度。此外，与GGBS相比，SS对机械和导电性能的影响更大。15 wt% 的 GGBS、20 wt% 的 SS 和 4 wt% 的 GP 被探索为具有 3.4 MPa 弯曲强度、36 MPa 抗压强度和 7,779 Ω cm 阻力的最佳设计。最后，进行微观结构研究以探索ECCC的机械和导电机制。SS 对机械和导电性能表现出更好的影响。15 wt% 的 GGBS、20 wt% 的 SS 和 4 wt% 的 GP 被探索为具有 3.4 MPa 弯曲强度、36 MPa 抗压强度和 7,779 Ω cm 阻力的最佳设计。最后，进行微观结构研究以探索ECCC的机械和导电机制。SS 对机械和导电性能表现出更好的影响。15 wt% 的 GGBS、20 wt% 的 SS 和 4 wt% 的 GP 被探索为具有 3.4 MPa 弯曲强度、36 MPa 抗压强度和 7,779 Ω cm 阻力的最佳设计。最后，进行微观结构研究以探索ECCC的机械和导电机制。