The objective of this study was to implement an in vitro exposure system for 28 GHz to investigate the biological effects of fifth‐generation (5G) communication. A signal source of 28 GHz for 5G millimeter‐wave (MMW) deployment was developed, followed by a variable attenuator for antenna input power control. A power amplifier was also customized to ensure a maximum output power of 10 W for high‐power 28‐GHz exposure. A 3‐dB uniformity over the 80 mm × 80 mm area that corresponds to four Petri dishes of three‐dimensional cell cultures can be obtained using a customized choke‐ring‐type antenna. An infrared camera is employed for temperature regulation during exposure by adjusting the airflow cooling rate via real‐time feedback to the incubator. The reported measurement results confirm that the input power control, uniformity, and temperature regulation for 28‐GHz exposure were successfully accomplished, indicating the possibility of a wide application of the implemented in vitro exposure system in the fields of various MMW dose‐response studies.

中文翻译：

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实施28 GHz体外暴露系统

这项研究的目的是为28 GHz实施体外暴露系统，以研究第五代（5G）通信的生物效应。开发了用于5G毫米波（MMW）部署的28 GHz信号源，随后开发了用于天线输入功率控制的可变衰减器。还定制了功率放大器，以确保在28 GHz的高功率照射下最大输出功率为10W。可以使用定制的扼流圈型天线在80 mm×80 mm的区域上获得3 dB的均匀度，这对应于四个三维细胞培养的培养皿。通过暴露于培养箱的实时反馈来调节气流的冷却速度，在暴露过程中使用红外摄像机进行温度调节。报告的测量结果证实了输入功率控制，均匀性，