Plant reproduction is one key biological process that is very sensitive to heat stress and, as a result, enhanced global warming becomes a serious threat to agriculture. In this work, we have studied the effects of heat on germinated pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana both at the transcriptional and translational level. We have used a high-resolution ribosome profiling technology to provide a comprehensive study of the transcriptome and the translatome of germinated pollen at permissive and restrictive temperatures. We have found significant down-regulation of key membrane transporters required for pollen tube growth by heat, thus uncovering heat-sensitive targets. A subset of the heat-repressed transporters showed coordinated up-regulation with canonical heat-shock genes at permissive conditions. We also found specific regulations at the translational level and we have uncovered the presence of ribosomes on sequences annotated as non-coding. Our results demonstrate that heat impacts mostly on membrane transporters thus explaining the deleterious effects of heat stress on pollen growth. The specific regulations at the translational level and the presence of ribosomes on non-coding RNAs highlights novel regulatory aspects on plant fertilization.

中文翻译：

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热应激下发芽花粉的转录组和翻译组变化揭示了转运蛋白基因在花粉管生长中的作用

植物繁殖是一种对热应激非常敏感的关键生物过程，因此，全球变暖加剧成为对农业的严重威胁。在这项工作中，我们研究了热量对拟南芥发芽花粉的影响在转录和翻译水平。我们使用了高分辨率核糖体分析技术，对在允许和限制温度下发芽的花粉的转录组和翻译组进行了全面研究。我们发现花粉管通过加热生长所需的关键膜转运蛋白显着下调，从而揭示了热敏感目标。热抑制转运蛋白的一个子集在允许的条件下显示出与典型热休克基因的协调上调。我们还发现了翻译水平的具体规定，并且我们发现了注释为非编码的序列上存在核糖体。我们的结果表明，热量主要影响膜转运蛋白，从而解释了热应激对花粉生长的有害影响。