Fishbones are hydroxyapatite‐based waste materials. They can be used in the form of particles as filler or additive in polymer composites. The surface of the particles can be modified using heat or thermal treatment. In this work, the fishbone particles (FBPs) were used in epoxy composites for the semi‐structural applications. The composites were prepared using a solution‐cast method. The effect of thermal treatment of the FBPs on the performance of the composites was investigated. The mechanical testing, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry measured the performance of the composites. The chemical structure and morphological properties of the composites were observed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results showed that the tensile and flexural strength of the composites were improved by 30% and 200%, respectively, compared to the neat epoxy (NE) as an effect of the thermal treatment. It was also noticed that theT_g, T_m and T_c of the modified composite were found significantly higher compared to other composites. The FBPs formed a hybrid domain within the composites when they interact with the epoxy. Such strong bonding can protect the composites from the external forces. Based on the performance, it can be suggested that the composites can be used where a semi‐flexible scaffold is required.

中文翻译：

---

鱼骨基环氧复合材料的机械和热性能：热处理的影响

Fishbones are hydroxyapatite‐based waste materials. They can be used in the form of particles as filler or additive in polymer composites. The surface of the particles can be modified using heat or thermal treatment. In this work, the fishbone particles (FBPs) were used in epoxy composites for the semi‐structural applications. The composites were prepared using a solution‐cast method. The effect of thermal treatment of the FBPs on the performance of the composites was investigated. The mechanical testing, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry measured the performance of the composites. The chemical structure and morphological properties of the composites were observed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results showed that the tensile and flexural strength of the composites were improved by 30% and 200%, respectively, compared to the neat epoxy (NE) as an effect of the thermal treatment. It was also noticed that the发现改性的复合材料的T _g， T _m和T _c显着高于其他复合材料。当FBP与环氧树脂相互作用时，它们在复合材料内形成了一个杂化区。这种牢固的结合可以保护复合材料免受外力作用。根据性能，建议在需要使用半柔性脚手架的地方使用复合材料。