Dysregulation of the orexin/hypocretin system is not limited to narcolepsy but has far‐reaching implications for neurological disorders,European Journal of Neuroscience

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Dysregulation of the orexin/hypocretin system is not limited to narcolepsy but has far‐reaching implications for neurological disorders
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15077
Chiara Berteotti ₁ , Claudio Liguori _{2,

3} , Marta Pace ₄

Affiliation

Neuropeptides orexin A and B (OX‐A/B, also called hypocretin 1 and 2) are released selectively by a population of neurons which projects widely into the entire central nervous system but is localized in a restricted area of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus, caudal to the paraventricular nucleus. The OX system prominently targets brain structures involved in the regulation of wake–sleep state switching, and also orchestrates multiple physiological functions. The degeneration and dysregulation of the OX system promotes narcoleptic phenotypes both in humans and animals. Hence, this review begins with the already proven involvement of OX in narcolepsy, but it mainly discusses the new pre‐clinical and clinical insights of the role of OX in three major neurological disorders characterized by sleep impairment which have been recently associated with OX dysfunction, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke and Prader Willi syndrome, and have been emerged over the past 10 years to be strongly associated with the OX dysfunction and should be more considered in the future. In the light of the impairment of the OX system in these neurological disorders, it is conceivable to speculate that the integrity of the OX system is necessary for a healthy functioning body.

中文翻译：

食欲素/促胰泌素系统失调不仅限于发作性睡病，而且对神经系统疾病具有深远的影响

神经肽orexin A和B（OX-A / B，也称为hypocretin 1和2）由一群神经元选择性释放，这些神经元广泛投射到整个中枢神经系统中，但位于下丘脑结核区域的受限区域，位于脑室旁核的尾部。OX系统的主要目标是参与唤醒-睡眠状态转换调节的大脑结构，并协调多种生理功能。OX系统的变性和失调促进了人和动物的麻醉性表型。因此，本文首先从已经证实的OX与发作性睡病的相关性入手，但它主要讨论了OX在三种主要以睡眠障碍为特征的主要神经系统疾病中的作用的新的临床前和临床见解，这些疾病最近与OX功能障碍有关，例如阿尔茨海默氏病，中风和Prader Willi综合征，并且已经出现。在过去的10年中，与OX功能障碍密切相关，将来应予以更多考虑。考虑到这些神经系统疾病中的OX系统受损，可以推测OX系统的完整性对于健康的机体是必需的。

更新日期：2020-12-08

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