Orbital imagery and spectroscopy at Mars have identified a variety of deposits potentially consistent with volcanic tephra formed during explosive volcanic eruptions, and some of these deposits may have formed due to water‐ or ice‐magma interactions during phreatomagmatic eruptions. If this is the case, these deposits could serve as an additional record of past water on Mars. Previous work has demonstrated that phreatomagmatic tephra is characterized by much lower crystallinities than tephras from other types of eruptions. We hypothesize that crystallinity could be inferred remotely using spectroscopy; however, tephra spectral properties have not been directly linked to their mineralogy. Here, we use Mars analog tephra samples to investigate if eruption styles and the past presence of water during the eruption of possible volcanic deposits on Mars can be determined using orbital spectroscopy. Visible/near‐infrared (VNIR) reflectance and thermal infrared (TIR) emission spectra were collected of basaltic volcanic tephras sourced from a range of eruption styles and deposit types on Earth. Our research demonstrates that, TIR and VNIR data are both sufficient to detect increased glass abundances in volcanic deposits, potentially indicating volatile interactions during an eruption, and that glass‐poor tephras have distinct TIR properties that can be used to infer tephra type (e.g., ignimbrite vs. scoria). Combining VNIR and TIR orbital data for analysis based on our new laboratory spectral endmember library may allow a reevaluation of Martian volcanic and volatile histories using current and future planetary orbital and in situ spectral datasets.

中文翻译：

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从红外光谱确定特非拉沉积物的火山喷发样式

火星的轨道影像和光谱学已经发现了各种可能与爆发性火山爆发期间形成的火山特非拉相一致的沉积物，其中某些沉积物可能是由于岩浆爆发期间的水或冰岩浆相互作用而形成的。如果是这种情况，这些沉积物可以作为火星上过去水的额外记录。先前的研究表明，吞噬性特非拉的结晶度比其他类型喷发的特非拉结晶度低。我们假设可以使用光谱法远程推断结晶度。然而，特非拉光谱特性尚未直接与其矿物学联系起来。这里，我们使用火星模拟特非拉样品来研究是否可以使用轨道光谱学确定喷发方式和在火星上可能的火山沉积物喷发期间水的过去存在。收集了来自地球上各种喷发方式和沉积物类型的玄武质火山特弗拉斯的可见/近红外（VNIR）反射率和热红外（TIR）发射光谱。我们的研究表明，TIR和VNIR数据都足以检测火山沉积物中玻璃丰度的增加，可能表明火山喷发过程中的挥发性相互作用，并且贫玻璃的特弗拉斯具有独特的TIR特性，可用于推断特弗拉类型（例如，火成岩与矿渣）。