In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of nondestructive biomarkers approach in giant toads (Rhinella marina). We obtained blood samples and the residual condition index of toads from rural and industrial zones from Coatzacoalcos River, Mexico (COA). In the blood samples, we determined the activity of enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and the presence of cell death (apoptosis). We found that the activity of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase was lower. Still, the glutathione s-transferase activity and the percentage of apoptosis in erythrocytes were higher in the toads of COA than laboratory toads. Meanwhile, some biomarkers in toads showed differences when compared between Industrial and Rural zones. These results and correlations between biomarkers showed how the response changed in the toads living near the industrial zones. We demonstrate that a nondestructive biomarkers approach can be useful in environmental studies with anuran amphibians.

在这项研究中，我们评估了非破坏性生物标志物方法在巨型蟾蜍（Rhinella marina）中的有用性。）。我们从墨西哥Coatzacoalcos河（COA）的农村和工业区获得了血液样本和蟾蜍的残留状况指数。在血液样本中，我们确定了酶的活性，脂质过氧化作用以及细胞死亡（细胞凋亡）的存在。我们发现，δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶的活性较低。尽管如此，COA蟾蜍中的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性和红细胞凋亡百分比仍高于实验室蟾蜍。同时，与工业区和农村区相比，蟾蜍中的某些生物标记物显示出差异。这些结果和生物标记之间的相关性表明，在生活在工业区附近的蟾蜍中，反应如何发生变化。我们证明无损生物标志物的方法可以在无环两栖动物的环境研究中有用。