Abstract This paper presents a set of dynamic simulations performed on the future High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) cryogenic system. The objectives of these simulations are to provide main pressure, temperature and flow transients over the cryogenic distribution system around the collision points 1 and 5 during the forecast beam operation. These simulations serve the different cryogenic system specifications where strong dynamic heat loads will induce significant transient modes. This dynamic model embeds the 1.9 K cooling loops (inner triplets, D1-D2 magnets and crab cavities), the beam screen cooling loops between 60 K and 80 K or between 4.5 K and 20 K and the cryogenic distribution line. As result, a series of recommendations is given to mitigate sufficiently the transients such as the use of significant preloading of magnets in association with feed-forward controls.

中文翻译：

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HL-LHC 低温系统在光束运行期间的动态模拟

摘要 本文介绍了一组对未来高光度大型强子对撞机 (HL-LHC) 低温系统进行的动态模拟。这些模拟的目的是在预测光束运行期间提供围绕碰撞点 1 和 5 的低温分配系统的主要压力、温度和流量瞬变。这些模拟适用于不同的低温系统规范，其中强烈的动态热负载会引起显着的瞬态模式。该动态模型嵌入了 1.9 K 冷却回路（内部三元组、D1-D2 磁铁和蟹形腔）、60 K 和 80 K 之间或 4.5 K 和 20 K 之间的束屏冷却回路以及低温分配线。结果，