Abstract This paper investigates the impact of coordinating a two-level supply chain that consists of a single-vendor and a single-buyer in the presence of untimely delivery costs. Specifically, early and late deliveries outside an agreed delivery window are penalized. We investigate the replenishment policies of the vendor and the buyer with and without coordination. We show that untimely deliveries increase the replenishment cycle of the buyer, whether it coordinates with the vendor or not. More importantly, under untimely deliveries, coordination has a noticeable impact in aligning decisions of both players, thus is shown to be much more valuable in decreasing total costs. The implementation of a coordinated solution becomes especially beneficial when penalty and holding costs of the vendor are high, the delivery window is narrow, and the holding cost of the buyer and fixed ordering costs are low. Next, we compare the traditional replenishment coordination mechanism with a vendor-managed-inventory(VMI) mechanism with consignment stock(CS) under untimely deliveries. We show that while the performance of a VMI-CS system is poor when delivery times are deterministic, it outperforms a traditional coordination mechanism when they are not.

中文翻译：

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具有不及时交付成本的买方-供应商系统：传统协调与具有寄售库存的 VMI

摘要 本文研究了在存在不及时交付成本的情况下协调由单一供应商和单一买家组成的两级供应链的影响。具体而言，在商定的交付窗口之外提前和延迟交付将受到处罚。我们调查了供应商和买方的补货政策，无论是否协调。我们表明，不及时交货会增加买方的补货周期，无论是否与供应商协调。更重要的是，在交付不及时的情况下，协调在调整双方决策方面具有显着影响，因此在降低总成本方面更有价值。当供应商的惩罚和持有成本很高，交付窗口很窄时，协调解决方案的实施变得特别有利，买方持有成本和固定订货成本低。接下来，我们将传统的补货协调机制与供应商管理库存（VMI）机制与未及时交付情况下的寄售库存（CS）进行比较。我们表明，当交付时间确定时，VMI-CS 系统的性能很差，但当交付时间不确定时，它的性能优于传统的协调机制。