Excavating a tunnel in a deep and saturated ground affects the short- and long-term hydro-mechanical (H-M) response in the ground surrounding the opening. However, the interactions between transient pore pressure behavior and the corresponding deformation and stresses in the ground ahead of and behind the tunnel face are still not well understood. This paper investigates the transient H-M response of excavating a tunnel in a deep and saturated ground using a two-dimensional axisymmetric coupled model in the computer code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC). The tunnel was advanced in a stepwise excavation procedure consisting of undrained excavation and drained consolidation until the final tunnel face was reached. The final excavated face was then left to consolidate toward the steady-state condition. The main results of the paper are as follows: (1) when simulating a tunnel excavation in deep saturated ground using the convergence-confinement method, the unloading factors should be nonlinear and should consists of the mechanical unloading factor in the form of excavation force and the hydraulic unloading factor in the form of excavation pore pressure. These two unloading factors are necessary because the induced H-M response near the tunnel face is a rather transient response instead of an initial or final response. Moreover, it is observed that the pore pressure dissipation is not linear either with time or with distance to the tunnel face, (2) a relationship between the unloading factors and the distance to the tunnel face should then be established. This relationship is vital because it will provide the timing for tunnel support installation, and (3) the extrusion and the convergence of the advance core could be related through the proposed equations capturing the linear relationships between the face extrusion and its convergence as well as between the core extrusion and its pre-convergence. Through these relationships, the tunnel engineer may be able to estimate the magnitude of the deformation ahead of the face, which will subsequently allow control of the deformation behind the face.

在较深且饱和的地面上开挖隧道会影响开口周围地面的短期和长期水力机械（HM）响应。然而，瞬态孔隙压力行为与隧道面前后的地面中相应的变形和应力之间的相互作用仍然不是很清楚。本文使用计算机连续快速拉格朗日分析法（FLAC）中的二维轴对称耦合模型，研究了在深部和饱和地面中开挖隧道的瞬态HM响应。隧道以不排水的开挖和排水固结的逐步开挖步骤推进，直到到达最终的隧道工作面。然后将最后的开挖面保持稳定状态。本文的主要结果如下：（1）当采用收敛约束法模拟深部饱和地下隧道的开挖时，卸荷系数应为非线性，并应由开挖力形式的机械卸荷系数和开挖孔隙压力形式的水力卸荷系数。这两个卸载因子是必需的，因为在隧道工作面附近引起的HM响应是相当短暂的响应，而不是初始或最终响应。此外，可以观察到，孔隙压力的消散与时间或与隧道面的距离都不是线性的，（2）应建立卸荷因子与隧道面的距离之间的关系。这种关系是至关重要的，因为它将为隧道支护的安装提供时间，并且（3）可以通过提出的方程来关联前进岩心的挤压和收敛，该方程捕获了端面挤压与其收敛之间以及两者之间的线性关系。核心挤压及其预收敛。通过这些关系，隧道工程师可以估算出工作面前方的变形量，从而可以控制工作面后方的变形。