It has been established that megacities, due to an excessive concentration of anthropogenic pressure, pose increased risks to human health and contribute to the growth primarily of mental illness. In this regard, a new medical-urban approach to the study of modern megacities is justified using the city of Moscow as an example. It is a multidisciplinary approach and includes a whole range of sciences and scientific directions: from urban planning, architecture, geography and ecology to medicine, psychology and sociology. It is confirmed by facts and arguments that the most effective for the implementation of the medical-urban approach is territorial planning, which is aimed at creating a spatial environment favorable for the human life and sustainable development of the city. It should focus on the spatial development of the territory, change the environment at the request of residents and form social design centers where residents, together with authorities and specialists, would propose initiatives for the development of their territories. It is illustrated by concrete examples that Moscow, as the basis of the urban development strategy, is oriented towards improving the quality of life and living comfort of the townspeople, the orientation of an acceptable health care system, health economics, and the fight against depression, which is characteristic of residents of all large cities of the world. The health programs of successful cities of the world (London, New York, and Singapore) and government programs of Moscow are analyzed, which are aimed at developing public ecological transport, forming an effective protection of public health from the adverse effects of urban factors, ensuring medical rehabilitation of the population and reducing risks to public health and improving the quality of life of citizens. It was revealed that the implementation of these programs in Moscow contributes to the formation of “health landscapes”: territories where the quality of the urban environment and living conditions of the population are approaching or correspond to the highest world standards.

中文翻译：

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大城市研究和发展的城市健康方法

已经确定，由于过度集中的人为压力，特大城市对人类健康构成了更大的风险，并导致主要是精神疾病的增长。在这方面，以莫斯科市为例，采用新的医疗城市方法来研究现代特大城市是合理的。它是一种多学科方法，包括一整套科学和科学方向：从城市规划、建筑、地理学和生态学到医学、心理学和社会学。事实和论据都证实，实施医城途径最有效的方式是地域规划，其目的是创造有利于人类生活和城市可持续发展的空间环境。应着眼于领土的空间发展，应居民的要求改变环境并建立社会设计中心，居民与当局和专家一起在那里提出发展他们领土的倡议。以具体事例说明，莫斯科作为城市发展战略的基础，着眼于提高市民的生活质量和生活舒适度、建立可接受的医疗体系、健康经济学和抗击抑郁症。 ，这是世界上所有大城市居民的特征。分析了世界上成功城市（伦敦、纽约和新加坡）的健康计划和莫斯科的政府计划，这些计划旨在发展公共生态交通，形成有效保障公众健康免受城市因素不利影响，保障人口医疗康复，降低公共卫生风险，提高公民生活质量。据透露，在莫斯科实施这些计划有助于形成“健康景观”：城市环境质量和人口生活条件接近或符合世界最高标准的地区。