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Water Exchange in Small Riversheds With Severe Climatic Conditions During a Cold Period of a Year
Geography and Natural Resources ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s1875372841030105
V. V. Kravchenko

Abstract Presented are the results of experimental studies into the interaction between the surface and subsurface water in 16 mountain river basins of East Sayan and Lake Baikal as carried out by the Irkutskbased Institute of Geography during 1984‒1990. The research program included regular measurements of the thickness, area and volume of the surface and underground ice along the entire length of the valleys, pressure in closed lenses of underground waters, daily measurements of water discharges and chemical composition throughout the channel network. It was found that at the end of winter about 80‒90% of the area of the valleys of the rivers under study are covered by aufeis and by the seasonal subsurface ice of a different genesis. Furthermore, about half the volume of the seasonal ice corresponds to the surface ice (river ice and aufeis), and the other half to the subsurface segregated and injection ice. It was further shown that the period of formation of the main bulk of ice begins and ends earlier in the sections closer to the mouth. The “wave” of maximum intensity of ice formation gradually moves the river upstream. The ice volume is the last to form in the upstream components of the river network. At this time, the ice formation of the other area of the watershed has terminated or its main part has formed already. A cryogenic barrage phenomenon occurs, as a result of which the channel network receives subsurface water which, under normal conditions, is not drained by the river. The winter river runoff increases from 50% in the sections close to the source to 5‒10% at the mouth of the river.

中文翻译:

一年寒冷时期气候条件恶劣的小流域换水

摘要 介绍了伊尔库茨克地理研究所在1984-1990年间对东萨彦和贝加尔湖16个山区河流流域地表水与地下水相互作用的实验研究结果。研究计划包括定期测量沿山谷整个长度的地表和地下冰的厚度、面积和体积,地下水封闭透镜中的压力,每日测量整个渠道网络的水排放和化学成分。研究发现,在冬季结束时,大约 80% 到 90% 的河流河谷面积被奥菲斯和不同成因的季节性地下冰覆盖。此外,季节性冰的大约一半体积对应于表面冰(河冰和奥菲斯),另一半给地下分离和注入冰。进一步表明,主要冰块的形成时期在靠近嘴的部分开始和结束的时间更早。冰形成强度最大的“波浪”逐渐将河流推向上游。冰量是河网上游部分最后形成的。此时,流域其他区域的结冰已经结束,或者其主体部分已经结冰。发生低温拦河坝现象,因此渠道网络接收地下水,在正常情况下,这些水不会被河流排出。冬季河流径流从靠近源头的50%增加到河口的5-10%。进一步表明,主要冰块的形成时期在靠近嘴的部分开始和结束的时间更早。冰形成强度最大的“波浪”逐渐将河流推向上游。冰量是河网上游部分最后形成的。此时,流域其他区域的结冰已经结束,或者其主体部分已经结冰。发生低温拦河坝现象,结果渠道网络接收地下水,在正常情况下,这些水不会被河流排出。冬季河流径流从靠近源头的50%增加到河口的5-10%。进一步表明,主要冰块的形成时期在靠近嘴的部分开始和结束的时间更早。冰形成强度最大的“波浪”逐渐将河流推向上游。冰量是河网上游部分最后形成的。此时,流域其他区域的结冰已经结束,或者其主体部分已经结冰。发生低温拦河坝现象,结果渠道网络接收地下水,在正常情况下,这些水不会被河流排出。冬季河流径流从靠近源头的50%增加到河口的5-10%。冰形成强度最大的“波浪”逐渐将河流推向上游。冰量是河网上游部分最后形成的。此时,流域其他区域的结冰已经结束,或者其主体部分已经结冰。发生低温拦河坝现象,结果渠道网络接收地下水,在正常情况下,这些水不会被河流排出。冬季河流径流从靠近源头的50%增加到河口的5-10%。冰形成强度最大的“波浪”逐渐将河流推向上游。冰量是河网上游部分最后形成的。此时,流域其他区域的结冰已经结束,或者其主体部分已经结冰。发生低温拦河坝现象,结果渠道网络接收地下水,在正常情况下,这些水不会被河流排出。冬季河流径流从靠近源头的50%增加到河口的5-10%。因此,渠道网络接收地下水,在正常情况下,这些水不会被河流排出。冬季河流径流从靠近源头的50%增加到河口的5-10%。因此,渠道网络接收地下水,在正常情况下,这些水不会被河流排出。冬季河流径流从靠近源头的50%增加到河口的5-10%。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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