We examine the formation conditions for the resources and chemical composition of mineral lakes located in the vicinities to the unique natural site of the Barguzin intermontane depression, Nizhnii Kuitun. Presented are the results from studying the surface structure of this sand massif. It is shown that its formation is associated with peculiar features in the tectonic development of the Barguzin depression. It is pointed out that the block of rocks forming Nizhnii Kuitun is broken up by tectonic faults into several smaller parts, and this had a determining impact on its modern appearance. The lakes under study are situated in the northern part of Nizhnii Kuitun, in the Nukhe-Nur urochishche, in the topographically clearly pronounced drainless depression. The formation of this depression occurred during the uplifting stage of the block of rocks when intensively fragmented rocks, located at the interface of the faults, lagged behind in vertical movement. The depression receives the runoff of surface and underground waters which drain sedimentary deposits of Nizhnii Kuitun. Data are provided to demonstrate that the lakes are situated in the ablation funnels of sand-clay sediments. On the basis of a quantitative determination of the chemical composition of water and gases, it is proved that seepage waters of sandy sediments of Nizhnii Kuitun and nitrogenous fissure-vein waters play the main role in the formation of resources and chemical composition of the lake water in the area of the Nukhe-Nur urotshistshe. The hydrological-hydrogeological model of the formation of the lakes under study is suggested. In a dry period when the amount of water infiltrating through the sand deposits of Nizhnii Kuitun decreases, the proportion of deep fissure-vein waters increases; therefore, water mineralization increases in the lakes as well as fluorine, sodium, tungsten and molybdenum contents. In wet years, the contribution of drainage waters to the formation of the lake’s resources increases, and the concentration of these elements decreases.

中文翻译：

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巴尔古津坳陷下奎屯苏打湖水及溶质成因

我们研究了位于巴尔古津山间坳陷独特自然遗址 Nizhnii Kuitun 附近的矿藏湖的资源和化学成分的形成条件。介绍了研究该沙地块表面结构的结果。研究表明，它的形成与巴尔古津凹陷构造发育的特殊特征有关。指出形成下奎屯的岩块被构造断层破碎成几个较小的部分，这对它的现代外观产生了决定性的影响。研究中的湖泊位于 Nukhe-Nur urochishche 的 Nizhnii Kuitun 北部，在地形上明显明显的不排水洼地。该凹陷的形成发生在该块岩块的抬升阶段，当时位于断层界面的密集破碎的岩石在垂直运动中落后。洼地接收地表和地下水径流，排出下奎屯沉积物。提供的数据表明这些湖泊位于砂粘土沉积物的消融漏斗中。在对水和气化学成分进行定量测定的基础上，证明下奎屯砂质沉积物渗流水和含氮裂隙水在湖水资源形成和化学成分形成中起主要作用。在 Nukhe-Nur urotshistshe 地区。提出了研究中湖泊形成的水文-水文地质模型。枯水期下奎屯砂层入渗水量减少，深裂脉水比重增加；因此，湖泊中的水矿化以及氟、钠、钨和钼的含量增加。在丰水年，排水对湖泊资源形成的贡献增加，这些元素的浓度降低。