We measure the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect, imprinted by maxBCG clusters, on the Planck SMICA map of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Our measurement, for the first time, directly accounts for uncertainties in the velocity reconstruction step through the process of Bayesian forward modeling. We show that this often neglected uncertainty budget typically increases the final uncertainty on the measured kSZ signal amplitude by $\simeq15\%$ at cluster scale. We observe evidence for the kSZ effect, at a significance of $\simeq2\sigma$. Our analysis, when applied to future higher-resolution CMB data, together with minor improvements in map-filtering and signal-modeling methods, should yield both significant and unbiased measurements of the kSZ signal, which can then be used to probe and constrain baryonic content of galaxy clusters and galaxy groups.

中文翻译：

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向前测量运动学 Sunyaev-Zel'dovich 效应：包括使用正向建模的速度重建的不确定性

我们在宇宙微波背景 (CMB) 的普朗克 SMICA 地图上测量了运动学 Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) 效应，该效应由 maxBCG 簇印记。我们的测量首次通过贝叶斯正向建模过程直接考虑了速度重建步骤中的不确定性。我们表明，这种经常被忽视的不确定性预算通常会使测量的 kSZ 信号幅度的最终不确定性在集群规模上增加 $\simeq15\%$。我们观察到 kSZ 效应的证据，显着性为 $\simeq2\sigma$。我们的分析，当应用于未来更高分辨率的 CMB 数据时，加上地图滤波和信号建模方法的微小改进，应该会产生对 kSZ 信号的显着和无偏测量，