Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were collected throughout the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) from 2011 to 2017 and analyzed for biliary (n = 496) fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs), hepatic (n = 297) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and microscopic hepatobiliary changes (MHC, n = 152). Gross and histological evaluations were conducted with liver tissues to identify and characterize pathological changes. This is the first report to interrelate hepatobiliary PAH concentrations and MHCs in Red Snapper. Hepatic PAHs measured in GoM Red Snapper ranged from 192 to 8530 ng g⁻¹ w.w. and biliary FACs ranged from 480 to 1,100,000 ng FAC g⁻¹ bile. Biliary FACs in Red Snapper collected along the west Florida Shelf and north central region declined after 2011 and were relatively stable until a sharp increase was noted in 2017. Increases in the PAH exposures are likely due to a number of sources including leaking infrastructure, annual spills, riverine input and the resuspension of contaminated sediments. In contrast, hepatic PAH concentrations were relatively stable indicating Red Snapper are able to maintain metabolic clearance however this energetic cost may be manifesting as microscopic hepatic changes (MHCs). Virtually all (99 %) of the evaluated Red Snapper had one to nine MHCs with an average of five coinciding changes in an individual fish. The observed changes were broadly classified as inflammatory responses, metabolic responses, degenerative lesions, nonneoplastic proliferation and neoplastic lesions. Biliary FACs were associated with parasitic infection and intracellular breakdown product accumulation such as intra-macrophage hemosiderin, lipofuscin and ceroid laden prevalence. Whereas, hepatic PAHs were associated with increased myxozoan plasmodia prevalence. This study evaluates relationships between hepatobiliary PAH concentrations and biometrics, somatic indices, condition factors and microscopic hepatic changes in Red Snapper located in the north central GoM. Together, these results may be signaling increased disease progression in Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper more than likely resulting from chronic environmental stressors including elevated PAH exposures and concentrations.

从2011年至2017年在整个墨西哥湾（GoM）收集了红鲷鱼（Lutjanus campechanus），并分析了胆汁（n = 496）荧光芳族化合物（FAC），肝（n = 297）多环芳烃（PAHs）和微观肝胆变化（MHC，n = 152）。对肝组织进行了总体和组织学评估，以鉴定和表征病理变化。这是首次将红鲷鱼中肝胆PAH浓度与MHC相互关联的报告。GoM Red Snapper中测得的肝PAH范围为192至8530 ng g ^-1 ww，胆汁FAC范围为480至1,100,000 ng FAC g ^-1胆汁。2011年之后，沿西佛罗里达大陆架和北部中部地区采集的红鲷鱼胆汁FAC呈下降趋势，并且相对稳定，直到2017年出现急剧增长。PAH暴露量可能增加是由于多种原因，包括基础设施泄漏，年度泄漏，河流输入和受污染沉积物的重悬。相反，肝PAH浓度相对稳定，表明Red Snapper能够维持代谢清除，但是这种高能量消耗可能表现为微观肝变化（MHC）。几乎所有被评估的红鲷鱼（99％）都有1到9种MHC，每条鱼的平均变化为5种。观察到的变化大致分为炎症反应，代谢反应，退行性病变，非肿瘤性增生和肿瘤性病变。胆道FAC与寄生虫感染和细胞内分解产物的积累有关，如巨噬细胞内的铁血黄素，脂褐素和类固醇的患病率。鉴于肝PAHs与粘虫疟原虫的患病率增加有关。这项研究评估了位于GoM北部中部的红鲷鱼的肝胆PAH浓度与生物测定学，体细胞指标，条件因素和微观肝变化之间的关系。总之，这些结果可能预示着墨西哥湾红鲷鱼疾病进展的增加，可能是由长期环境压力（包括PAH暴露量和浓度升高）引起的。胆道FAC与寄生虫感染和细胞内分解产物的积累有关，如巨噬细胞内的铁血黄素，脂褐素和类固醇的患病率。鉴于肝PAHs与粘虫疟原虫的患病率增加有关。这项研究评估了位于北部中部GoM的Red Snapper的肝胆PAH浓度与生物测定，体细胞指标，条件因素和微观肝变化之间的关系。总之，这些结果可能预示着墨西哥湾红鲷鱼疾病进展的增加，可能是由长期环境压力（包括PAH暴露量和浓度升高）引起的。胆道FAC与寄生虫感染和细胞内分解产物的积累有关，如巨噬细胞内的铁血黄素，脂褐素和类固醇的患病率。鉴于肝PAHs与粘虫疟原虫的患病率增加有关。这项研究评估了位于北部中部GoM的Red Snapper的肝胆PAH浓度与生物测定，体细胞指标，条件因素和微观肝变化之间的关系。总之，这些结果可能预示着墨西哥湾红鲷鱼疾病进展的增加，可能是由长期环境压力（包括PAH暴露量和浓度升高）引起的。肝PAHs与粘虫疟原虫的患病率增加有关。这项研究评估了位于GoM北部中部的红鲷鱼的肝胆PAH浓度与生物测定学，体细胞指标，条件因素和微观肝变化之间的关系。总之，这些结果可能预示着墨西哥湾红鲷鱼疾病进展的增加，可能是由长期环境压力（包括PAH暴露量和浓度升高）引起的。肝PAHs与粘虫疟原虫的患病率增加有关。这项研究评估了位于GoM北部中部的红鲷鱼的肝胆PAH浓度与生物测定学，体细胞指标，条件因素和微观肝变化之间的关系。总之，这些结果可能预示着墨西哥湾红鲷鱼疾病进展的增加，可能是由长期环境压力（包括PAH暴露量和浓度升高）引起的。