Heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) leads to the formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs), which impair long-term peritoneal dialysis. The current study investigated the effects of metal ions, which occur as trace impurities in the fluids, on the formation of six major α-dicarbonyl GDPs, namely glucosone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene. The chelation of metal ions by 2-[bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid (DTPA) during sterilization significantly decreased the total GDP content (585 μM vs. 672 μM), mainly due to the decrease of the glucose-oxidation products glucosone (14 μM vs. 61 μM) and glyoxal (3 μM vs. 11 μM), but also of methylglyoxal (14 μM vs. 31 μM). The glucose-dehydration products 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene were not significantly affected by chelation of metal ions. Additionally, PDFs were spiked with eleven different metal ions, which were detected as traces in commercial PDFs, to investigate their influence on GDP formation during heat sterilization. Iron(II), manganese(II), and chromium(III) had the highest impact increasing the formation of glucosone (1.2–1.5 fold increase) and glyoxal (1.3–1.5 fold increase). Nickel(II) and vanadium(III) further promoted the formation of glyoxal (1.3 fold increase). The increase of the pH value of the PDFs from pH 5.5 to a physiological pH of 7.5 resulted in a decreased formation of total GDPs (672 μM vs 637 μM). These results indicate that the adjustment of metal ions and the pH value may be a strategy to further decrease the content of GDPs in PDFs.

腹膜透析液 (PDF) 的加热灭菌会导致葡萄糖降解产物 (GDP) 的形成，从而损害长期腹膜透析。目前的研究调查了在流体中以微量杂质形式出现的金属离子对六种主要 α-二羰基 GDP 形成的影响，即葡萄糖酮、乙二醛、甲基乙二醛、3-脱氧葡萄糖酮、3-脱氧半乳糖酮和 3,4-双脱氧葡萄糖酮-3-烯。2-[双[2-[双（羧甲基）氨基]乙基]氨基]乙酸（DTPA）在灭菌过程中螯合金属离子显着降低了总 GDP 含量（585 μM 对 672 μM），主要是由于葡萄糖氧化产物葡萄糖酮（14 μM vs. 61 μM）和乙二醛（3 μM vs. 11 μM）以及甲基乙二醛（14 μM vs. 31 μM）的减少。葡萄糖脱水产物 3-脱氧葡萄糖酮、3-脱氧半乳糖酮和 3，4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene 不受金属离子螯合的显着影响。此外，PDF 中添加了 11 种不同的金属离子，这些金属离子在商业 PDF 中被检测为痕量，以研究它们在热灭菌过程中对 GDP 形成的影响。铁 (II)、锰 (II) 和铬 (III) 对增加葡萄糖酮（增加 1.2-1.5 倍）和乙二醛（增加 1.3-1.5 倍）形成的影响最大。镍 (II) 和钒 (III) 进一步促进了乙二醛的形成（增加了 1.3 倍）。PDF 的 pH 值从 pH 5.5 增加到生理 pH 7.5 导致总 GDP 的形成减少（672 μM 对 637 μM）。这些结果表明，调节金属离子和 pH 值可能是进一步降低 PDF 中 GDPs 含量的策略。