The ternary cluster decay of heavy nuclei has been observed in several experiments with binary coincidences between two fragments using detector telescopes (the FOBOS-detectors) with very large solid angles and placed on the opposite sides from the source of fissioning nuclei. The binary coincidences at a relative angle of \(180^{\circ }\) correspond to binary fission or to the decay into three cluster fragments by registration of two of them in coincidences with missing nuclei of different masses (e.g. \(^{132}\hbox {Sn}\), \(^{52-48}\hbox {Ca}\), \(^{68-72}\hbox {Ni}\)). This marks a new step in the physics of fission-phenomena of heavy nuclei. The new decay mode has been observed more then 10 years ago by the FOBOS group in JINR (Dubna) Russia. These experimental results for the collinear cluster tri-partition, refer to the decay into three clusters of comparable masses. The observation of several other fission modes in the same system can be predicted by the potential energy surface, which show pronounced minima and valleys, they correspond to a variety of collinear ternary fission (multi-modal) decays. In the present work we discuss the various aspects of this ternary fission mode, with different mass partitions. The question of collinearity is analyzed on the basis of recent publications.

在几个实验中，观察者发现重核的三元团簇衰变是通过使用具有很大立体角的检测器望远镜（FOBOS-检测器）将两个碎片之间的二进制重合并置于裂变核源的相对两侧。二进制巧合在的相对角度\（180 ^ {\ CIRC} \）对应于二分裂或衰减到由它们中的两个登记3个片段巧合与不同质量的缺失核（例如\（^ { 132} \ hbox {Sn} \），\（^ {52-48} \ hbox {Ca} \），\（^ {68-72} \ hbox {Ni} \））。这标志着重核裂变现象物理学的新一步。俄罗斯JINR（杜布纳）的FOBOS小组于10年前观察到了新的衰减模式。共线簇三分区的这些实验结果是指衰减成质量相当的三个簇。可以通过势能面预测同一系统中其他几种裂变模式的观测，这些势能面显示出明显的极小值和低谷，它们对应于多种共线三元裂变（多峰）衰变。在目前的工作中，我们讨论了具有不同质量划分的三元裂变模式的各个方面。共线性问题是根据最近的出版物进行分析的。