Nowadays, with the recent advances of wireless underwater communication and acoustic sensor devices technology, we are witnessing a surge in the exploration and exploitation of the ocean’s abundant natural resources. Accordingly, to fulfill the requirements of the exploration of the ocean, researchers have focused their work toward the design of methods and algorithms for the underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Although considerable research effort has been devoted to the development of a variety of UASN-based applications, very limited work has addressed the algorithmic design and analysis for UASN. To this end, we propose to provide a comprehensive design, development, and analysis of algorithms and protocols for UASNs. We discuss each of the fundamental UASN building blocks, such as (i) underwater acoustic communication channel modeling, (ii) sustainable coverage and target detection, (iii) Medium Access Control (MAC-layer design and time synchronization, (iv) localization algorithms design, and (v) underwater routing protocol. Then, we illustrate the different protocols from each category and compare their benefits and drawbacks. Finally, we discuss a few potential directions for future research related to the design of future generations of UASNs.

中文翻译：

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水下声学无线传感器网络算法和协议设计

如今，随着无线水下通信和声学传感器设备技术的最新进展，我们见证了对海洋丰富自然资源的勘探和开发的热潮。因此，为了满足海洋探索的要求，研究人员将他们的工作重点放在了水声传感器网络（UASN）的方法和算法的设计上。尽管大量的研究工作致力于开发各种基于 UASN 的应用程序，但针对 UASN 的算法设计和分析的工作非常有限。为此，我们建议为 UASN 的算法和协议提供全面的设计、开发和分析。我们讨论了每个基本的 UASN 构建块，