The presence of a dynamic and balanced equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and the in‐house antioxidant defense mechanisms is characteristic for a healthy body. During oxidative stress (OS), this balance is switched to increased production of ROS and RNS, exceeding the capacity of physiological antioxidant systems. This can cause damage to biological molecules, leading to loss of function and even cell death. Nowadays, there is increasing scientific and clinical interest in OS and the associated parameters to measure the degree of OS in biofluids. An increasing number of reports using LC–MS/MS methods for the analysis of OS biomarkers can be found. Since bioanalysis is usually complicated by matrix effects, various types of cleanup procedures are used to effectively separate the biomarkers from the matrix. This is an essential part of the analysis to prepare a reproducible and homogenous solution suitable for injection onto the column. The present review gives a summary of the chromatographic methods used for the determination of OS biomarkers in both urine and plasma, serum, and whole blood samples. The first part mainly describes the biological background of the different OS biomarkers, while the second part reports examples of chromatographic methods for the analysis of different metabolites connected with OS in biofluids, covering a period from 2015 till early 2020. The selected examples mainly include LC–MS/MS methods for isoprostanes, oxidized proteins, oxidized lipoproteins, and DNA/RNA biomarkers. The last part explains the clinical relevance of this review.

中文翻译：

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氧化应激生物标志物 LC-MS/MS 分析的最新进展

活性氧 (ROS) 和氮 (RNS) 物种的产生与内部抗氧化防御机制之间存在动态平衡平衡是健康身体的特征。在氧化应激 (OS) 期间，这种平衡转变为增加 ROS 和 RNS 的产生，超过生理抗氧化系统的能力。这会对生物分子造成损害，导致功能丧失甚至细胞死亡。如今，人们对 OS 以及测量生物体液中 OS 程度的相关参数越来越感兴趣。越来越多的报告使用 LC-MS/MS 方法分析 OS 生物标志物。由于生物分析通常因基质效应而变得复杂，各种类型的净化程序用于有效地将生物标志物与基质分离。这是分析的重要组成部分，以制备适合注射到色谱柱上的可重现且均质的溶液。本综述总结了用于测定尿液和血浆、血清和全血样品中 OS 生物标志物的色谱方法。第一部分主要描述了不同 OS 生物标志物的生物学背景，第二部分报告了用于分析生物体液中与 OS 相关的不同代谢物的色谱方法示例，涵盖时间为 2015 年至 2020 年初。所选示例主要包括 LC – 异前列腺素、氧化蛋白、氧化脂蛋白和 DNA/RNA 生物标志物的 MS/MS 方法。