当前位置: X-MOL 学术Earths Future › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
The Asynergies of Structural Disaster Risk Reduction Measures: Comparing Floods and Earthquakes
Earth's Future Pub Date : 2020-12-06 , DOI: 10.1029/2020ef001531
Marleen C. de Ruiter 1 , Jens A. de Bruijn 1 , Johanna Englhardt 1 , James E. Daniell 2 , Hans de Moel 1 , Philip J. Ward 1
Affiliation  

Traditionally, building‐level disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures are aimed at a single natural hazard. However, in many countries the society faces the threat of multiple hazards. Building‐level DRR measures that aim to decrease earthquake vulnerability can have opposing or conflicting effects on flood vulnerability, and vice versa. In a case study of Afghanistan, we calculate the risk of floods and earthquakes, in terms of average annual losses (AAL), in the current situation. Next, we develop two DRR scenarios, where building‐level measures to reduce flood and earthquake risk are implemented. We use this to identify districts for which DRR measures of one hazard increase the risk of another hazard. We then also calculate the optimal situation between the two scenarios by, for each district, selecting the DRR scenario for which the AAL as a ratio of the total exposure is lowest. Finally, we assess the sensitivity of the total risk to each scenario. The optimal measure differs spatially throughout Afghanistan, but in most districts it is more beneficial to take flood DRR measures. However, in the districts where it is more beneficial to take earthquake measures, the reduction in risk is considerable (up to 40%, while flood DRR measures lead to a reduction in risk by 16% in individual districts). The introduction of asynergies between DRR measures in risk analyses allows policy‐makers to spatially differentiate building codes and other building‐level DRR measures to address the most prevalent risk while not compromising the risk resulting from other hazards.

中文翻译:

结构性减灾措施的不足:洪水和地震的比较

传统上,建筑级减少灾害风险(DRR)措施是针对单一自然灾害的。但是,在许多国家,社会面临多重危害的威胁。旨在降低地震易损性的建筑级DRR措施可能对洪水易损性产生相反或相矛盾的影响,反之亦然。在阿富汗的案例研究中,我们以当前年平均损失(AAL)的方式计算洪水和地震的风险。接下来,我们开发两种DRR方案,其中实施了减少洪水和地震风险的建筑级措施。我们用它来识别针对一种危害的DRR措施会增加另一种危害的风险的地区。然后,我们还针对每个地区,计算两种情况之间的最佳情况,选择DRR方案,其AAL作为总风险的比率最低。最后,我们评估每种情况下总风险的敏感性。最佳措施在整个阿富汗的空间上有所不同,但在大多数地区,采取洪水DRR措施更为有利。但是,在采取地震措施更为有利的地区中,风险的降低是可观的(最多可降低40%,而洪水DRR措施可将个别地区的风险降低16%)。在风险分析中,DRR措施之间引入了不一致性,使决策者可以在空间上区分建筑法规和其他建筑级别的DRR措施,以解决最普遍的风险,同时又不影响其他危害所致的风险。我们评估每种情况下总风险的敏感性。最佳措施在整个阿富汗的空间上有所不同,但在大多数地区,采取洪水DRR措施更为有利。但是,在采取地震措施更为有利的地区中,风险的降低是可观的(最多可降低40%,而洪水DRR措施可将个别地区的风险降低16%)。在风险分析中,DRR措施之间引入了不一致性,使决策者可以在空间上区分建筑法规和其他建筑级别的DRR措施,以解决最普遍的风险,同时又不影响其他危害所致的风险。我们评估每种情况下总风险的敏感性。最佳措施在整个阿富汗的空间上有所不同,但在大多数地区,采取洪水DRR措施更为有利。但是,在采取地震措施更为有利的地区中,风险的降低是可观的(最多可降低40%,而洪水DRR措施可将个别地区的风险降低16%)。在风险分析中,DRR措施之间引入了不一致性,使决策者可以在空间上区分建筑法规和其他建筑级别的DRR措施,以解决最普遍的风险,同时又不影响其他危害所致的风险。在采取地震措施更为有利的地区中,风险的降低是可观的(高达40%,而洪水DRR措施可将个别地区的风险降低16%)。在风险分析中,DRR措施之间引入了不一致性,从而使决策者可以在空间上区分建筑法规和其他建筑级别的DRR措施,以解决最普遍的风险,同时又不影响其他危害所致的风险。在采取地震措施更为有利的地区中,风险的降低是可观的(高达40%,而洪水DRR措施可将个别地区的风险降低16%)。在风险分析中,DRR措施之间引入了不一致性,使决策者可以在空间上区分建筑法规和其他建筑级别的DRR措施,以解决最普遍的风险,同时又不影响其他危害所致的风险。
更新日期:2021-01-10
down
wechat
bug