Prediction of drainage quantity and quality is critical to reduce the environmental risks associated with weathering mine waste rock. Reactive transport models can be effective tools to understand and disentangle the processes underlying waste-rock weathering and drainage, but their validity and applicability can be impaired by poor parametrization and the non-uniqueness conundrum. Here, a process-based multicomponent reactive transport model is presented to interpret and quantify the processes affecting drainage quantity and quality from 15 waste- rock experiments from the Antamina mine, Peru. The deployed uniform flow formulation and consistent set of geochemical rate equations could be calibrated almost exclusively with measured bulk waste-rock properties in experiments ranging from 2 kg to 6500 tons in size. The quantitative agreement between simulated dynamics and the observed drainage records, for systems with a variety of rock lithologies and over a wide range of pH, supports the proposed selection of processes. The controls of important physicochemical processes and feedbacks such as secondary mineral precipitation, surface passivation, oxygen limitations, were confirmed through sensitivity analyses. Our work shows that reactive transport models with a consistent formulation and evidence-based parametrization can be used to explain waste-rock drainage dynamics across laboratory to field scales.

预测排水量和质量对于降低与风化矿山waste石相关的环境风险至关重要。反应性运输模型可以有效地理解和理清废石的风化和排水过程，但是它们的有效性和适用性会因参数化不佳和非唯一性难题而受到损害。在这里，提出了一个基于过程的多组分反应性运输模型，以解释和量化影响秘鲁安塔米纳矿山的15个废石实验中影响排水量和质量的过程。部署的均匀流配方和一致的地球化学速率方程组几乎可以完全通过校准的，在2千克至6500吨大小的实验中通过测量的waste石特性进行校准。对于具有多种岩石岩性和广泛pH值的系统，模拟动力学与观测到的排水记录之间的定量协议支持所建议的工艺选择。通过敏感性分析确定了重要物理化学过程和反馈的控制，例如二次矿物质沉淀，表面钝化，氧限制。我们的工作表明，具有一致配方和循证参数化的反应性运输模型可用于解释整个实验室到现场规模的waste石排水动力学。通过敏感性分析确定了重要物理化学过程和反馈的控制，例如二次矿物质沉淀，表面钝化，氧限制。我们的工作表明，具有一致配方和循证参数化的反应性运输模型可用于解释整个实验室到现场规模的waste石排水动力学。通过敏感性分析确定了重要物理化学过程和反馈的控制，例如二次矿物质沉淀，表面钝化，氧限制。我们的工作表明，具有一致配方和循证参数化的反应性运输模型可用于解释整个实验室到现场规模的waste石排水动力学。