Antibiotics can disturb the gut microbial community and host metabolism. However, their recovery after antibiotics exposure needs to be characterized, and the correlation between gut microbiota and host metabolism remains unclear. In this study, mice were exposed to 0.5, 1.5 and 10 g/L tetracycline hydrochloride (TET) for 2 weeks, then recovered without TET for another 2 weeks. The results showed that 2-week TET exposure changed microbial community and functions in the mouse gut, and increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), especially in the 10 g/L TET group. After a 2-week recovery, these changes could only be recovered to the control level in the 0.5 g/L TET exposure group, except for ARGs. Besides gut microbiota, TET exposure also changed metabolic profiles in mouse urine. The 2-week recovery significantly reduced changes in metabolic profiles. Some altered metabolites were found to have a very high correlation with gut microbial community and functions, indicating that TET exposure might induce certain changes in urinary metabolic profiles by altering the gut microbiota. The results from this study suggest that the influences of low-level TET exposure are reversible, except for ARGs, which should be paid more attention. During the application of TET, their dosage should be effectively considered and controlled.

抗生素会干扰肠道微生物群落和宿主代谢。然而，它们在抗生素暴露后的恢复需要表征，肠道微生物群与宿主代谢之间的相关性尚不清楚。在这项研究中，小鼠暴露于 0.5、1.5 和 10 g/L 盐酸四环素 (TET) 2 周，然后在没有 TET 的情况下再恢复 2 周。结果表明，2 周 TET 暴露改变了小鼠肠道中的微生物群落和功能，并增加了抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的丰度，尤其是在 10 g/L TET 组中。经过 2 周的恢复，这些变化只能恢复到 0.5 g/L TET 暴露组的对照水平，但 ARGs 除外。除了肠道微生物群，TET 暴露还改变了小鼠尿液中的代谢特征。2 周的恢复显着减少了代谢谱的变化。发现一些改变的代谢物与肠道微生物群落和功能具有非常高的相关性，表明 TET 暴露可能通过改变肠道微生物群引起尿液代谢特征的某些变化。本研究的结果表明，低水平 TET 暴露的影响是可逆的，除了应更多关注的 ARGs。在应用TET时，应有效考虑和控制其用量。本研究的结果表明，低水平 TET 暴露的影响是可逆的，除了应更多关注的 ARGs。在应用TET时，应有效考虑和控制其用量。本研究的结果表明，低水平 TET 暴露的影响是可逆的，除了应更多关注的 ARGs。在应用TET时，应有效考虑和控制其用量。