Biopolymers consisting of at least one monomer, which are produced from renewable carbon sources, are being highly sought out since ubiquitous plastics are mainly produced from petrochemical processes causing severe environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of microbial cell factories, which can efficiently synthesize diverse types of monomers and polymers, is also becoming increasingly important. The applicability of traditional metabolic engineering strategies has extended with the combination of systems biology, synthetic biology, and evolutionary engineering in a systemic and versatile manner, and are collectively termed as systems metabolic engineering. Accordingly, recent advances in biotechnology have paved the way for enabling the production of an increasing number of monomers and polymers by providing several tools and strategies associated with systems metabolic engineering. In this review, we have focused on the substantial efforts made on the development of different approaches of systems metabolic engineering, particularly based on synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering, for the efficient production of monomers and polymers.

由于无处不在的塑料主要由石油化学过程生产而引起严重的环境污染，因此，由可再生碳源生产的由至少一种单体组成的生物聚合物正受到高度关注。因此，能够有效合成各种类型的单体和聚合物的微生物细胞工厂的发展也变得越来越重要。传统的代谢工程策略的适用性已通过系统生物学，合成生物学和进化工程的系统性和通用性相结合而扩展，并统称为系统代谢工程。因此，通过提供与系统代谢工程相关的多种工具和策略，生物技术的最新进展为实现越来越多的单体和聚合物生产铺平了道路。在这篇综述中，我们集中于为有效生产单体和聚合物而特别是基于合成生物学和进化工程的系统代谢工程的不同方法的开发方面所做的实质性努力。