Social scientists assert that the growth and redistribution of the Hispanic population has altered local racial and economic dynamics in the United States. Yet, comparably little work tests this perspective. We develop hypotheses based on two key sets of theories—the shifting racial/ethnic color line and (im)migrant incorporation into labor markets—to guide our analysis of the relationship between changing Hispanic population concentration and changes in black–white economic inequality. Our first-differenced analysis draws on county-level data from the 1990 and 2000 decennial Census, the US Department of Agriculture, and CQ Press Voting and Elections Collection. In addition to assessing black–white disparities in income, poverty, and unemployment, we test whether the relationship of interest is more or less pronounced in new destinations. When shifts in Hispanic concentration are associated with changes in black and white economic outcomes, we find improved outcomes for blacks (e.g., lower unemployment and poverty rates) but modestly diminished outcomes for whites. There is some evidence that these patterns result in declining black–white inequality in both new and established destinations; however, the declines are small and exclusive to unemployment and poverty outcomes. Results ultimately suggest limited structural changes as they relate to black–white economic inequality during this period.

中文翻译：

---

西班牙裔人口增长与黑白不平等：人口结构的变化，社会地位的变化？

社会科学家断言，西班牙裔人口的增长和重新分配改变了美国当地的种族和经济动力。然而，相对较少的工作验证了这种观点。我们基于两种主要理论集（即种族/种族色彩线的变化和（移民）劳动力市场的移民纳入）建立假设，以指导我们对西班牙裔人口集中度变化与黑白经济不平等变化之间的关系进行分析。我们的一阶差异分析采用了1990年和2000年十年期人口普查，美国农业部以及CQ新闻投票和选举收集的县级数据。除了评估收入，贫困和失业方面的黑白差异外，我们还测试了在新的目的地中利益关系或多或少的明显。当西班牙裔集中度的变化与黑人和白人经济成果的变化相关时，我们发现黑人的成果有所改善（例如，较低的失业率和贫困率），但白人的成果却有所下降。有证据表明，这些模式导致新目的地和既定目的地中的黑白不均现象减少。但是，下降幅度很小，并且只限于失业和贫困结果。结果最终表明，与这一时期的黑白经济不平等相关的结构变化有限。有证据表明，这些模式导致新目的地和既定目的地中的黑白不均现象减少。但是，下降幅度很小，并且只限于失业和贫困结果。结果最终表明，与这一时期的黑白经济不平等相关的结构变化有限。有证据表明，这些模式导致新目的地和既定目的地中的黑白不均现象减少。但是，下降幅度很小，并且只限于失业和贫困结果。结果最终表明，与这一时期的黑白经济不平等相关的结构变化有限。