Australia is one of the largest countries in the world, and also one of the most urbanised. At the national level it can be characterised as a country with low fertility and high income per capita. However, there are significant geographic inequalities between different areas of the country in terms of fertility rates as well as education levels, income and employment opportunities. In this paper, we use birth registration and Census data to explore the spatial variation of fertility in Australia and how it relates to compositional and contextual characteristics of places. Geographically weighted regression allows us to analyse the spatial relationships and identify the geographical variability in the fertility experience of Australian women. We find substantial variation with some areas having a total fertility rate well above or below the national average. Around metropolitan areas much of the variation can be explained by differences in the socio-economic composition of the local population. However in more rural or remote parts of the country, understanding the variation in fertility is more difficult.

中文翻译：

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使用地理加权回归模型模拟生育率的变化

澳大利亚是世界上最大的国家之一，也是城市化程度最高的国家之一。在国家一级，它可以说是一个低生育率和高人均收入的国家。但是，就生育率，受教育程度，收入和就业机会而言，该国不同地区之间存在严重的地理不平等。在本文中，我们使用出生登记和人口普查数据来探索澳大利亚生育力的空间变化及其与场所组成和环境特征的关系。地理加权回归使我们能够分析空间关系，并确定澳大利亚妇女生育经验中的地理变异性。我们发现某些地区的总生育率大大高于或低于全国平均水平，因此差异很大。大都市地区的大部分差异可以通过当地人口的社会经济构成差异来解释。但是，在该国的更多农村地区或偏远地区，了解生育率的差异更加困难。