This special issue features the theme “New Possibilities of Cryptocurrencies and Digital-Community Currencies” by collecting five articles presented at RAMICS2019 held in Hida-Takayama, Japan. Community currencies, which can be understood as integrative communication media combining the economic domain and the social-cultural domain, have been actively practiced since the 1980s in Europe and North America and the late 1990s in Japan. Due to the progress of Blockchain/DLT, and QR code payment technologies and the diffusion of smartphones, cryptocurrencies and digital-community currencies (DCCs), in which the vision of CCs and the technology of cryptocurrencies are fused, have rapidly increased their presence and coexisted with national currencies as legal tender. The striking example of this trend is Facebook’s new digital coin called “Libra.” It can be understood not just as a blockchain-based stable coin for global payment system backed by multinational currencies, but also as a vast glocal digital-community currency to empower its billions of members larger than any national currency. To fully understand the new possibilities of cryptocurrencies and DCCs, we must reconsider the nature of currently dominant national currencies, particularly central banknotes, in the world. Controversially, inconvertible central banknotes are IOU entered on the liability side of the balance sheet of the central bank, but are also cash on the asset side of the balance sheets of all other economic agents. Tracing back the evolution of money, we conceive them as ‘informational money’ that integrates the properties of both material money and credit money. Their asset value is not endured as compulsory power forced by the laws of the state, but as self-generating purchasing power created by non-material self-fulfilling ideas such as custom and expectations. For CCs and Libra to persist, it is necessary to tempt users to follow the rules of self-fulfilling enjoyment or share to the future projection different from those of custom and expectations. The defect of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) lies in overestimation of strength of self-generating value of central banknotes and neglecting the present trend of diffusing private money.

中文翻译：

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特刊“加密货币和数字社区货币的新可能性”

通过收集在日本飞collecting高山举行的RAMICS2019上发表的五篇文章，本期特刊以“加密货币和数字社区货币的新可能性”为主题。自1980年代以来，欧洲和北美以及日本在1990年代后期就开始积极使用社区货币，可以将其理解为结合经济领域和社会文化领域的综合传播媒介。由于区块链/ DLT和QR码支付技术的进步以及智能手机，加密货币和数字社区货币（DCC）的普及，将CC和加密货币技术融为一体的数字货币已迅速增加了它们的存在和发展。与本国货币共存为法定货币。这种趋势的突出例子是Facebook的新数字硬币“天秤座”。可以理解，它不仅是一种以跨国货币为后盾的，基于区块链的稳定币，用于全球支付系统，而且还可以理解为一种庞大的glocal数字社区货币，可以使数十亿会员拥有比任何一种国家货币都要大的权力。为了充分了解加密货币和DCC的新可能性，我们必须重新考虑世界上目前占主导地位的本国货币，特别是中央钞票的性质。有争议的是，不可兑换的中央钞票是在中央银行资产负债表的负债方输入的借条，但在所有其他经济主体的资产负债表的资产方也是现金。追溯货币的演变，我们将其视为“信息性货币”，它融合了物质货币和信贷货币的特性。它们的资产价值不是国家法律所强制规定的强制力，而是由习俗和期望等非物质自我实现的观念所创造的自我产生的购买力。为了让CC和Libra坚持不懈，有必要诱使用户遵循自我实现的乐趣的规则，或者与风俗习惯和期望相违背，分享对未来的预测。现代货币理论（MMT）的缺陷在于高估了中央钞票自身产生的价值的强度，而忽视了目前分散私人货币的趋势。有必要诱使用户遵循自我实现的规则，或者与风俗习惯和期望不同，分享对未来的预测。现代货币理论（MMT）的缺陷在于高估了中央钞票自身产生的价值的强度，而忽视了目前分散私人货币的趋势。有必要诱使用户遵循自我实现的规则，或者与风俗习惯和期望不同，分享对未来的预测。现代货币理论（MMT）的缺陷在于高估了中央钞票自身产生的价值的强度，而忽视了目前分散私人货币的趋势。