This research demonstrates the relationship between situational access to emergency medical care and assault lethality, by comparing attempted and completed murders in Greater London, England, over a five-year period (N = 1512 victims). Access to emergency care was operationalised using the time taken to contact emergency services, the distance from the nearest ambulance station, and the distance to the nearest emergency department. Notification lags in excess of 1 h were associated with significantly higher lethality, after controlling for offence and victim characteristics. The distance predictors were non-significant, which could be due to observed distances in our urban setting being overwhelmingly short (< 5 miles) and homogeneous.

中文翻译：

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太舒适了吗？在情境中获得紧急医疗服务和暴力袭击致死性

这项研究通过比较五年期间在英格兰大伦敦的未遂谋杀案和已完成的谋杀案（N = 1512名受害者），证明了情境中获得紧急医疗的机会与殴打致死性之间的关系。使用联系紧急服务所花费的时间，到最近的救护站的距离以及到最近的急诊部门的距离，使获得急救服务的能力得以实现。在控制了犯罪行为和受害者特征之后，超过1小时的通知滞后与明显更高的致死率相关。距离预测值并不重要，这可能是由于在我们的城市环境中观察到的距离非常短（<5英里）且均匀。