ObjectiveWe present a first test using a smartphone time use survey app for whether the risk of criminal victimization is higher while traveling than during other activities, and assess risk heterogeneity between public transport, private transport by car, and private open-air transport.MethodsA sample of 1334 young adults completed a time-use survey on their smartphones with additional items on criminal victimization. Participants reported their time use and victimization experiences (vandalism, theft, threat, or assault) per 10-min timeslot for 4 days. To prevent potential confounders from affecting the results, we analyzed the data with a fixed effects logit model that exclusively relies on within-person variation between timeslots.FindingsA total of 78 victimization situations were reported by 45 participants. Although these numbers are too low to draw definitive conclusions, with respect to the four types of victimization measured, sleeping appeared to be the safest activity. The risk of victimization was considerably larger during travel, but also during many other activities. We found shopping to be the activity with the highest risk of victimization. No victimization was observed during private transport by car, but the risk of victimization was significantly higher in private open-air and public transport than during sleep.ConclusionUsing a state-of-the-art instrument and a rigorous statistical design, we tentatively conclude that the risk of criminal victimization is not higher during travel than during most other activities, only sleeping is safer. Larger samples are needed to assess the robustness of our findings. We discuss practical implications, strengths and weaknesses of the study, and new research challenges.

中文翻译：

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旅行真的有风险吗？造成受害情况的原因研究

目的我们提出了一项使用智能手机时间使用调查应用程序进行的首次测试，该测试用于确定出行途中受刑事伤害的风险是否比其他活动高，并评估公共交通，私家车和私人露天交通之间的风险异质性。 1334名年轻人在智能手机上完成了一次使用时间调查，并提供了其他有关犯罪受害的内容。参与者报告了他们每4分钟10分钟的时间使用和受害经历（故意破坏，盗窃，威胁或攻击）。为了防止潜在的混淆因素影响结果，我们使用固定效应logit模型分析数据，该模型仅依赖于时段之间的人际差异。发现45名参与者报告了78种受害情况​​。尽管这些数字太低，无法得出明确的结论，但就所测量的四种受害类型而言，睡眠似乎是最安全的活动。在旅行中以及许多其他活动中受害的风险都大大增加。我们发现购物是受害风险最高的活动。在私人私人驾车期间没有观察到受害情况，但是在私人露天和公共交通工具中受害的风险要比睡眠期间高得多。结论使用最新的仪器和严格的统计设计，我们初步得出结论：在旅行期间遭受刑事伤害的风险并不比在大多数其他活动中更高，只有睡觉才更安全。需要更大的样本来评估我们发现的稳健性。