Biodegradable additives are required to minimize the environmental hazards from drilling fluid wastes. This study explores the feasibility of the applications of henna leaf extracts (HLE) and hibiscus leaf extracts (HBLE) as ecological benign products in water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). Rheological and filtration characterizations were carried out on the WBDFs to detect the effects of different concentrations (1, 2, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g) of these plant extracts at 78 and 300 °F. The results of 1 and 2 g of the plant extracts were compared with those of low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC LV). Compatibility test was carried out using 25 g/L of the green additives on base fluid (A-0), and the swelling rate of sodium bentonite in distilled water was also considered using 1, 10, and 20 g of the green additives. The findings showed that HLE and HBLE significantly reduced the filtrate loss between 62% and 67% and between 64% and 76%, respectively, and improved the rheological characteristics of the WBDF system between 10 and 40 g. PAC LV showed a greater effect on the rheological properties than the green additives in equal amounts (1 and 2 g), but it exhibited flat high and progressive gels which can lead to mechanical pipe sticking. The test data also showed that the inclusion of HLE and HBLE in the WBDF demonstrated larger impact on the mud cake than PAC LV. The cake thickness of the WBDF was reduced in the following order: 30–32% (by HLE), 32–33% (by HBLE), and 24–27% (by PAC LV). This interprets the outstanding filtration characteristics of green additives. Further, compatibility test data confirmed that the green additives are compatible with the other base fluid additives and the swelling behavior of sodium bentonite verified that the green plants are effective in inhibiting bentonite swelling. Here, the Henna extracts displayed higher inhibition property than the Hibiscus product. Notwithstanding, both products showed excellent inhibition property and a strong viscosity enhancing effect on the WBDF system.

中文翻译：

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使用天然来源的指甲花叶和芙蓉叶提取物改善水性钻井液的流变学和过滤特性

需要可生物降解的添加剂，以最大程度地减少钻井液废物对环境的危害。这项研究探讨了指甲花叶提取物（HLE）和芙蓉叶提取物（HBLE）作为生态良性产品在水基钻井液（WBDFs）中应用的可行性。在WBDF上进行了流变学和过滤特性研究，以检测78和300°F下这些植物提取物的不同浓度（1、2、10、20、30和40 g）的影响。将1 g和2 g植物提取物的结果与低粘度聚阴离子纤维素（PAC LV）的结果进行比较。使用25 g / L的绿色添加剂在基础流体（A-0）上进行相容性测试，并且还考虑了使用1 g，10 g和20 g的绿色添加剂在膨润土中的膨润土溶胀率。研究结果表明，HLE和HBLE分别显着减少了62％至67％的滤液损失以及64％至76％的滤液损失，并在10至40 g之间改善了WBDF系统的流变性。PAC LV在相同量（1和2 g）下比绿色添加剂对流变性能的影响更大，但它表现出扁平的高水平渐进凝胶，可导致机械管道粘连。测试数据还显示，WBDF中包含的HLE和HBLE对泥饼的影响大于PAC LV。WBDF的滤饼厚度按以下顺序减小：30–32％（通过HLE），32–33％（通过HBLE）和24–27％（通过PAC LV）。这解释了绿色添加剂的出色过滤特性。进一步，相容性测试数据证实绿色添加剂与其他基础流体添加剂相容，并且膨润土钠的溶胀行为证明绿色植物可有效抑制膨润土溶胀。在此，指甲花提取物显示出比芙蓉产品更高的抑制特性。尽管如此，两种产品对WBDF体系均显示出优异的抑制性能和强烈的增粘效果。