This paper aims to justify the concept of natural intelligence in the biosemiotic context. I will argue that the process of life is (i) a cognitive/semiotic process and (ii) that organisms, from bacteria to animals, are cognitive or semiotic agents. To justify these arguments, the neural-type intelligence represented by the form of reasoning known as anthropic reasoning will be compared and contrasted with types of intelligence explicated by four disciplines of biology – relational biology, evolutionary epistemology, biosemiotics and the systems view of life – not biased towards neural intelligence. The comparison will be achieved by asking questions related to the process of observation and the notion of true observers. To answer the questions I will rely on a range of established concepts including SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence), Fermi’s paradox, bacterial cognition, versions of the panspermia theory, as well as some newly introduced concepts including biocivilisations, cognitive/semiotic universes, and the cognitive/semiotic multiverse. The key point emerging from the answers is that the process of cognition/semiosis – the essence of natural intelligence – is a biological universal.

中文翻译：

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自然智力与人类推理

本文旨在证明生物符号学背景下自然智能的概念是正确的。我将论证生命的过程是（i）认知/符号过程，以及（ii）从细菌到动物的生物都是认知或符号学的媒介。为了证明这些观点的合理性，我们将以推理形式（称为人类推理）代表的神经型智力与生物学四门学科（关系生物学，进化认识论，生物符号学和系统生命观）所阐述的智力类型进行比较和对比。不偏向于神经智能。通过询问与观察过程和真实观察者概念有关的问题，可以实现比较。为了回答这些问题，我将依靠一系列已确立的概念，包括SETI（寻找外星智能），费米悖论，细菌认知，泛精子症理论的版本以及一些新引入的概念，包括生物文明，认知/符号宇宙和认知/符号多元宇宙。从答案中得出的关键点在于，认知/符号化过程（自然智能的本质）是生物学的普遍性。