Uses, Knowledge, and Management of the Threatened Pepper-Bark Tree ( Warburgia salutaris ) in Southern Mozambique. Warburgia salutaris , the pepper-bark tree, is one of the most highly valued medicinal plant species in southern Africa. Due to its popularity in folk medicine, it is overexploited in many regions and is deemed threatened throughout its range. We identified cultural and social drivers of use, compared knowledge distribution, determined management practices, and explored local ecological knowledge related to the species in the Lebombo Mountains, Tembe River, and Futi Corridor areas in southern Mozambique. Stratified random, semistructured interviews were conducted (182), complemented by 17 focus group discussions in the three study areas. W. salutaris was used medicinally to treat 12 health concerns, with the bark being the most commonly used part. Knowledge of the species varied between the three areas, but not with respondent gender or age. Harvesting was mostly through vertical bark stripping (71% of informants). To promote sustainable use of the species, we suggest multiple conservation approaches, including the use of alternative species with the same application, substitution of bark by leaves, and increases in alternative sources of plant material through cultivation. Additional information on species demography, harvest impact, and post-harvest bark recovery rate area is required. Information obtained in this work can contribute to management guidelines and plans for the species in Mozambique.

中文翻译：

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莫桑比克南部受威胁的花椒树（ Warburgia salutaris ）的用途，知识和管理

莫桑比克南部 受威胁的花椒树（ Warburgia salutaris ）的用途，知识和管理 。 Warburgia salutaris 是胡椒树皮树，是南部非洲最有价值的药用植物之一。由于其在民间医学中的流行，它在许多地区被过度开发，并被认为在其整个范围内都受到威胁。我们确定了使用的文化和社会驱动力，比较了知识分布，确定了管理做法，并探索了与莫桑比克南部莱彭博山脉，坦贝河和富蒂走廊地区的物种有关的当地生态知识。进行了分层的随机，半结构化访谈（182），在三个研究领域中进行了17次焦点小组讨论。 salutaris W. 在医学上用于治疗12种健康问题，其中树皮是最常用的部分。在这三个区域之间，有关物种的知识有所不同，但与受访者的性别或年龄无关。收获主要是通过垂直剥皮来进行的（占被调查者的71％）。为促进该物种的可持续利用，我们建议采取多种保护措施，包括使用具有相同用途的替代物种，用树叶代替树皮以及通过种植增加植物材料的替代来源。需要有关物种人口统计学，收获影响和收获后树皮恢复率面积的其他信息。通过这项工作获得的信息可以有助于莫桑比克该物种的管理准则和计划。